tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-45472439965296916062024-03-13T19:27:51.628+07:00Gry_ArtAll in One
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.comBlogger113125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-73463458729270219292020-04-19T19:47:00.002+07:002021-10-28T19:35:46.628+07:00RPP (KD 3.7) 1 LEMBAR KELAS 7 KURTILAS REVISI<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tbody>
<tr style="height: 32.8pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 32.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.95pt; margin-right: 128.6pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Subject: Biology</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.95pt; margin-right: 128.6pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Grade: 7</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 3.95pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Teacher: Aghry Wiranata
Anugrah, S.Pd</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 32.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 5.45pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Semester: 2</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 5.45pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Week : 1</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 5.45pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Period: 3 sessions @45 minutes
</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 8.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 3.95pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Topic: Interaction between living thing and environment</span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 8.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 5.45pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Subtopic: </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Komponen lingkungan</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 11.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 11.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A. Objectives</span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 6.85pt; margin-right: 59.45pt; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">B. Basic
Competence</span></b></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 60.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 60.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 30.45pt; margin-right: 13.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik dapat
menjelaskan konsep lingkungan dan komponen-komponennya.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 30.45pt; margin-right: 13.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta Didik dapat
melakukan pengamatan lingkungan dan mengidentifikasi komponen biotik dan
abiotik.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 30.45pt; margin-right: 13.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta Didik memiliki
keterampilan berbicara di depan kelas melalui kegiatan presentasi hasil
eksplorasi.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 5.4pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<a name='more'></a><br /></td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 60.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.4pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3.7 Menganalisis interaksi
antara makhluk hidup dan lingkungannya serta dinamika populasi akibat
interaksi tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 36.4pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4.7<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menyajikan hasil pengamatan terhadap interaksi makhluk
hidup dengan lingkungan sekitarnya.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 11.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 6.85pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C. Indicator</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 109.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.4pt; margin-right: 13.9pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menjelaskan konsep
lingkungan dan konsep-konsepnya.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 13.9pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">D. Dalil Al
Quran and Hadith</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 6.85pt; margin-right: 55.35pt; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E. Learning
Methods</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 48.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 48.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 5.5pt; margin-right: .25pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">”Telah nampak kerusakan di
darat dan di lautan disebabkan karena perbuatan tangan (maksiat)[1] manusia,
supaya Allah merasakan kepada mereka sebagian dari (akibat) perbuatan mereka,
agar mereka kembali (ke jalan yang benar)” (QS Ar Ruum:41).”</span></i><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 48.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Discovery Learning</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jigsaw</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peer Discussion</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Student presentation</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 11.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 519.2pt;" valign="top" width="692"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 3.0pt; tab-stops: 41.5pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">F. Teaching Learning Procedures</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 2.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 2.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Duration: 2 periods (90 minutes)</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.15pt; tab-stops: 19.25pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Opening:
(10 minutes) : Teachers<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Activity</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Membuka pembelajaran dengan berdoa</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Diskusi ayat Qur’an dan sunnah yang berkaitan dengan materi</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menjelaskan topic terkini terkait materi yang akan dipelajari dan
kaitannya dengan materi sebelumnya</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pre-test siswa</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.55pt; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Main Activity: Student activity (70<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>minutes)</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 37.65pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Stimulation</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 34.95pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik diberi
motivasi atau rangsangan untuk memusatkan perhatian pada topik materi
Pengantar tentang Komponen lingkungan.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 37.65pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Problem statemen</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 34.95pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Guru memberikan kesempatan
pada peserta didik untuk mengidentifikasi sebanyak mungkin pertanyaan yang
berkaitan dengan Komponen lingkungan, untuk mengembangkan kreativitas, rasa
ingin tahu, kemampuan merumuskan pertanyaan untuk membentuk pikiran kritis.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 37.65pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Data collection</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 34.95pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik mengumpulkan
informasi yang relevan untuk menjawab pertanyan yang telah diidentifikasi
melalui kegiatan Mengamati materi organ pernapasan dan fungsinya dalam bentuk
gambar/video/slide presentasi yang disajikan dan mencoba
menginterprestasikannya.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Data processing</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik dalam kelompoknya berdiskusi
mengolah data hasil pengamatan dengan cara :Berdiskusi tentang data dari
Materi Komponen lingkungan.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Verification</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik mendiskusikan hasil pengamatannya
dan memverifikasi hasil pengamatannya dengan data-data atau teori pada buku
sumber.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Generalization</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menyimpulkan tentang point-point penting yang
muncul dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang baru dilakukan berupa : Laporan hasil
pengamatan secara tertulis tentang materi Komponen lingkungan.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (Communicating)</b></span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 13.9pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">guru membantu siswa yang kesulitan belajar lalu
melakukan post test</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 5.1pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reflection & Closing (10<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>minutes)</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 38.85pt; margin-right: 16.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Apresiasi siswa dengan adab terbaik</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 38.85pt; margin-right: 16.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Siswa mengidentifikasi point-point pembelajaran</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.05pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menutup dengan hamdalah dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kafaratul
majlis</i></span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 19.65pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 19.65pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 19.65pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 19.65pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 19.65pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 19.65pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 287.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 287.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 1.15pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Duration: 1 periods (45 minutes)</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.15pt; tab-stops: 19.25pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Opening:
(10 minutes) : Teachers<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Activity</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Membuka pembelajaran dengan berdoa</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Diskusi ayat Qur’an dan sunnah yang berkaitan dengan materi</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menjelaskan topic terkini terkait materi yang akan dipelajari dan
kaitannya dengan materi sebelumnya</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 5.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.9pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 7.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pre-test siswa</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.55pt; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Main Activity: Student activity (30<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>minutes)</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 37.65pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Stimulation</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 34.95pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik diberi
motivasi atau rangsangan untuk memusatkan perhatian pada topik materi
Pengantar tentang Komponen lingkungan.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 37.65pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Problem statemen</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 34.95pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Guru memberikan kesempatan
pada peserta didik untuk mengidentifikasi sebanyak mungkin pertanyaan yang
berkaitan dengan Komponen lingkungan, untuk mengembangkan kreativitas, rasa
ingin tahu, kemampuan merumuskan pertanyaan untuk membentuk pikiran kritis.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 37.65pt; margin-right: 10.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Data collection</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 34.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik mengumpulkan informasi yang relevan
untuk menjawab pertanyan yang telah diidentifikasi melalui kegiatan Mengamati
materi organ pernapasan dan fungsinya dalam bentuk gambar/video/slide
presentasi yang disajikan dan mencoba menginterprestasikannya.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 287.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Data processing</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik dalam kelompoknya berdiskusi
mengolah data hasil pengamatan dengan cara :Berdiskusi tentang data dari
Materi Komponen lingkungan.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Masing-masing kelompok mengutus satu duta ke
kelompok lainnya untuk menjelaskan hasil diskusi kelompoknya. (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">JIGSAW</b>)</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Verification</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peserta didik mendiskusikan hasil pengamatannya
dan memverifikasi hasil pengamatannya dengan data-data atau teori pada buku
sumber.</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo11;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Generalization</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menyimpulkan tentang point-point penting yang
muncul dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang baru dilakukan berupa : Laporan hasil
pengamatan secara tertulis tentang materi Komponen lingkungan.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> (Communicating)</b></span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 13.9pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">guru membantu siswa yang kesulitan belajar lalu
melakukan post test</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 5.1pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 21.0pt; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reflection & Closing (5<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>minutes)</span></b></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 38.85pt; margin-right: 16.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Apresiasi siswa dengan adab terbaik</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 38.85pt; margin-right: 16.15pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Siswa mengidentifikasi point-point pembelajaran</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 39.05pt; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menutup dengan hamdalah dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kafaratul
majlis</i></span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 9.1pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 22.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 11.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 8.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">G. Teaching
Aids</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .1in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">H. Resources</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: .35in; mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: .35in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 264.05pt;" valign="top" width="352"><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo6; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Penggaris, spidol, papan
tulis</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo6; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Laptop & infocus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 39.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo6; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Slide presentasi (ppt)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .35in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 255.15pt;" valign="top" width="340"><div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 28.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 28.2pt; text-indent: -18.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Al Quran </span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 28.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 28.2pt; text-indent: -18.15pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Biologi 2, Erlangga</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 28.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 28.2pt; text-indent: -18.05pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Buku lain yang menunjang</span></div>
<div class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 28.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 28.2pt; text-indent: -18.05pt;">
<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Multimedia interaktif dan Internet</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-41799080214804445722020-04-19T19:33:00.002+07:002021-10-28T19:35:53.834+07:00Emulator PSP Terbaik 100% tested WorkingOke kawan, seperti yg saya janjikan terkait menindak lanjuti postingan saya yaitu <br />
<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
<a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/07/emulator-psp-100-working-bisa-save-data.html">Emulator PSP 100% Working, (bisa save data dan penggunaan stik)</a></h3>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
dan<span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></h3>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/02/cara-save-data-di-game-naruto-shippuden.html" target="_blank">Cara Save Data Di Game Naruto Shippuden Ultimate Ninja Impact 100% Tested Working.</a></span></h3>
<div class="post-title entry-title">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;">meskipun beberapa keluhan dalam bermain game PSP di PC seperti <i>tidak bisa save game dan menggunakan stik </i>sudah terpecahkan, ternyata masih ada banyak keluhan yang datang dari teman2 melalui komentar, berikut beberapa point dari komentar teman2 yg saya rangkum yaitu:</span></span></div>
<div class="post-title entry-title">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;">1. Grafik yg pecah - pecah</span></span></b></div>
<div class="post-title entry-title">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;">2. Tidak ada suara</span></span></b></div>
<div class="post-title entry-title">
<b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;">3. Game tidak berjalan </span> </span></b></div>
<div class="post-title entry-title">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="font-size: small;">semua hal di atas lambat laun terjadi pula di notebook saya. Setelah melihat langsung sepertinya ada ke tidak stabilan dari emulator PSP yg saya rekomendasikan kemarin yaitu <b>JPSCP. </b>Menanggapi itu saya pun mencoba-coba emuator PSP lain namun banyak yg tidak working, hingga akhirnya saya menemukan satu emulator yg menurut saya lumayan stabil. Berikut perbandingan emulator ini dari emulator sebelumnya.</span></span></div>
<div class="post-title entry-title">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>1. Lebih mudah digunakan</b></span></span></div>
<div class="post-title entry-title">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;">tampilan interface yg mudah sehingga mudah dimengerti, </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">2. Grafik yang <span style="font-size: small;">Muantap</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">3. Sudah mendukung musik game</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">4. bisa dimainkan pada android </span></span> </span></span></div>
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-15119024101736659292020-04-19T19:29:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:36:10.349+07:00KISI-KISI SOAL UAS SEMESTER 1 SMP KELAS 7 KURIKULUM 2013 REVISI (SOAL LOTS DAN HOTS)<!--[if !mso]>
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Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
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<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">KISI-KISI SOAL </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">UAS SEMESTER 1 </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Satuan
Pendidikan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">SMP kelas 7 </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 9;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Bentuk
Soal<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Essay</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mata
Pelajaran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: BIOLOGI<span style="mso-tab-count: 11;"> </span>Banyak Soal<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Kurikulum
Acuan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Kurikulum 2013<span style="mso-tab-count: 9;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>Alokasi
Waktu<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">90 menit</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pengembang<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Aghry Wiranata Anugrah</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 1105px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">No</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Indikator</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe Soal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rumusan Butir Soal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nomor Soal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kunci Jawaban</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyekoran</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengetahui perbesaran pada lensa okuler
mikroskop</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengenal ilmuan yang berjasa dalam penemuan
mikroskop</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memahami ciri-ciri makhluk hidup</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mampu mengaplikasikan pengujian produk
respirasi sebagai salah satu ciri-ciri makhluk hidup</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memahami jaringan sebagai kumpulan dari
sel dengan bentuk dan fungsi yang sama</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memahami fungsi dari organel sel</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengingat sistem 5 kingdom</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menilai pernyataan tentang konsep fungsi
organ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menyimpulkan pernyataan tentang sel
sebagai unit terkecil dari makhluk hidup</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengaplikasikan intruksi dalam praktek
bedah</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C2</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C2</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C2</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Berikut
perbesaran yang ada pada lensa okuler, kecuali …</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">4x.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">5x.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">10x.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">40x.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Ilmuwan
inggris yang dalam penelitiannya menemukan sel – sel kecil pada gabus adalah
…</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Robert Hooke.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Antonie van Leuwenhoek.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Zacharias Janssen dan
Hans.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Galileo</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Mampu
malakukan Iritabilitas artinya……….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a. mampu
beradaptasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">b. mampu
tumbuh</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">c. mampu
menanggapi rangsang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">d. mampu
berkembang biak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Udara
yang kita keluarkan banyak mengandung karbondioksida. Karbondioksida tersebut
adalah hasil respirasi didalam sel tubuh. Adanya karbondioksida tersebut
dapat dibuktikan dengan percobaan menggunakan………</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a. air
kapur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">b. bubuk
kapur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">c. air
suling</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">d. air
mineral</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Sekumpulan
sel yang mempunyai bentuk dan fungsi yang sama disebut……….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a.
jaringan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">b. organ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">c. sistem
organ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">d.
organisme</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Organel
yang berfungsi menghasilkan energi adalah……..</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a.
kloroplas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">b.
mitokondria</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">c.
retikulum endoplasma</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">d.
komleks golgi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Dalam
sistem klasifikasi 5 kingdom, mahluk hidup dikelompokkan menjadi….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a. virus,
monera, protista, plantae, animalia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">b. virus,
monera, fungi, plantae, animalia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">c.
monera, protista, virus, fungi, plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">d.
monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Pernyataan
berikut yang salah adalah……….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">a. otot rangka
tergores melintang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">b. otot
polos terdapat di usus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">c. kerja
otot lurik diluar kehendak kita</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">d. sel
otot lurik berinti banyak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;">Sel merupakan unit fungsional dan struktural terkecil dari
sistem organisasi makhluk hidup. Sel sebagai unit struktural memiliki makna
bahwa…</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-left: 19.8pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;">semua
fungsi kehidupan berlangsung di dalam sel.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-left: 19.8pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;">setiap
makhluk hidup terdiri atas sel-sel.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-left: 19.8pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;">sel-sel
makhluk hidup bervariasi.</span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-left: 19.8pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;">sel
tidak dapat terlihat oleh pancaindra</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Jika kita
ingin melihat organ dalam ikan, langkah yang benar adalah menggunting kulit
dan daging perutnya dari arah …</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Dada menuju ke anus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Anus menuju ke</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">arah dada.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Samping perut menuju ke
tengah perut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Tengah
perut menuju ke samping perut.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">10</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">B</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">B</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">A</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">B</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">D</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">B</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">B</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td colspan="7" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 829.0pt;" valign="top" width="1105"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">B. KEMUKAKAN PENDAPAT KAMU BERDASARKAN
JAWABAN YANG KAMU BERIKAN MINIMAL 50 KATA !</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 61.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 61.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menganalisis informasi</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> tentang klasifikasi makhluk hidup</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> dan membagi-bagi atau menstrukturkan informasi ke dalam bagian
yang lebih kecil untuk mengenali pola atau hubungannya.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ahmad</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> sedang </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">rihlah</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> di pantai, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">qadarullah</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> A</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">hmad</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> menemukan seekor hewan. Setelah diidentifikasi ternyata hewan
tersebut termasuk ordo <i>Mollusca.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengapa A</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">hmad</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> mengatakan
hewan tersebut adalah mollusca?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hewan tersebut dikatakan <i>Mollusca
</i>karena hewan tersebut memiliki ciri-ciri:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tubuhnya lunak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Licin</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berlendir</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagian tubuh luar dilindungi ranga yang tersusun atas zat kapur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 143.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 143.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membuat generalisasi </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berdasarkan ciri-ciri mamalia dan pisces</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perhatikan pernyataan berikut!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paus berkembang biak dengan melahirkan dan menyusui anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lumba-lumba berkembang biak dengan melahirkan dan menyusui
anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikan mas berkembang biak dengan bertelur dan tidak menyusui
anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikan hiu berkembang biak dengan bertelur dan tidak menyusui
anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa kesimpulan yang dapat kamu ambil dari pernyataan di atas?</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paus dan lumba-lumba termasuk ordo mamalia karena memiliki
ciri-ciri melahirkan dan menyusui</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sedangkan ikan mas dan ikan lele termasuk ordo pisces karena
memiliki ciri-ciri bertelur dan tidak menyusui anaknya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 143.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 116.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 116.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">13</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 116.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membuat hipotesis</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> terhadap</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> pengujian
fotosintesis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 116.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 116.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kotiledon adalah sumber makanan bagi biji saat tumbuh berkecambah
sebelum ia memiliki daun. Saat kecambah tersebut memiliki daun maka sumber
makanan berasal dari fotosintesis menggunakan cahaya matahari. Bagaimanakah
perbedaan pertumbuhan dari kecambah yang ditanam di halaman rumah dan di
bawah tempat tidur?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 116.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 116.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menurut saya, kecambah yang
ditanam di halaman akan tumbuh menggunakan sumber makanan dari hasil
fotosintesis, massanya lebih besar dan lebih segar. Kecambah yang ditanam di
bawah tempat tidur akan tumbuh menggunakan sumber makanan dari kotiledon,
massanya lebih kecil dan tampak lebih layu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 116.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 157.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 157.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">14</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengorganisasikan unsur-unsur </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">yang ada dalam structural sel hewan dan tumbuhan
berdasarkan fungsinya dalam bentuk bagan</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Allah menciptakan tumbuhan
dapat melakukan fotosintesis dan memiliki tekstur yang kaku, berbeda dengan
hewan yang tidak dapat melakukan fotosintesis dan memiliki tekstur yang lebih
lunak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Buatlah bagan perbedaan sel
hewan dan tumbuhan yang menyebabkan terjadinya pernyataan di atas !</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 157.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 184.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 184.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 184.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menganalisis informasi</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> tentang penciptaan manusia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
dan membagi-bagi atau menstrukturkan informasi ke dalam bagian yang lebih
kecil untuk mengenali pola atau hubungannya.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 184.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 184.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(QS:Al-Mu’minun:11)…..</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="IN"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kemudian
air mani itu Kami jadikan segumpal darah, lalu segumpal darah itu Kami
jadikan segumpal daging, dan segumpal daging itu Kami jadikan tulang</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
belulang”</span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: #3a3a3a; font-family: "segoe ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><br />
<br />
</span><i><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #2b2c2c; font-size: 12.0pt;">Alaqah’</span></i><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #2b2c2c; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> (segumpal darah) diambil dari
kata <i>alaqa</i> yang artinya sesuatu yang membeku, tergantung
atau berdempet. Menurut kamu, </span><span style="background: white; color: #2b2c2c; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">apakah istilah biologi yang identik
dengan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alaqah’ </i>? Kemukakan pendapat
kamu beserta alasannya !</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 184.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 184.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nutfah/air mani identic dengan sperma dalam istilah biologi. Sperma
dalam tingkatan organisasi adalah tingkatan sel yang merupakan tingkatan
terkecil dalam organisasi kehidupan. Tingkatan selanjutnya dari sperma adalah
zigot, sebuah jaringan yang tersusun dari jaringan darah, bergelantung di
dinding rahim dan menyerap sari-sari makanan dari jaringan darah ibu. Hal ini
identic dengan kalimat Alaqah dalam ayat tersebut.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 184.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 1105px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">No</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Indikator</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tipe Soal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Rumusan Butir Soal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nomor Soal</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kunci Jawaban</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyekoran</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 244.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 244.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 244.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menganalisis informasi</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> tentang klasifikasi makhluk hidup</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> dan membagi-bagi atau menstrukturkan informasi ke dalam bagian
yang lebih kecil untuk mengenali pola atau hubungannya.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 244.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 244.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ketika Andi sedang berjalan-jalan di pantai, tiba-tiba Andi
menemukan seekor hewan. Setelah diidentifikasi ternyata hewan tersebut
termasuk ordo <i>Mollusca.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengapa Andi mengatakan hewan tersebut adalah mollusca?</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 244.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 244.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hewan tersebut dikatakan <i>Mollusca
</i>karena hewan tersebut memiliki ciri-ciri:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tubuhnya lunak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Licin</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berlendir</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagian tubuh luar dilindungi ranga yang tersusun atas zat kapur</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 244.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 109.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tanaman air <i>Elodia sp </i>dimasukkan dalam 2 kantong plastik
transparan yang berisi air dan udara. Kemudian kedua plastik berisi tanaman
air tersebut ditempatkan masing-masing di tempat yang terang dan gelap.
Setelah 30 menit, plastik yang ditempatkan di tempat terang didapati lebih
banyak gelembung udara dibandingkan plastik yang diletakan di tempat gelap.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengapa seperti itu?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Karena tanaman air <i>Elodia sp </i>yang
diletakkan di dalam plastik transparan berisi air tersebut melakukan
fotosintesis. Gelembung udara dihasilkan dari fotosintesis dan tanaman yang
diletakkan di tempat terang akan lebih efektif melakukan fotosintesis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 128.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mampu mengenali serta membedakan
faktor penyebab dan akibat dari sebuah skenario yang rumit.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perhatikan
gambar jaring-jaring makanan di bawah ini!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa yang akan terjadi jika satu komponen hilang? Berikan satu
contoh!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Akan terjadi kekacauan populasi
terhadap populasi lain. Contohnya jika populasi sawi hilang maka akan
berkurangnya populasi ulat, tikus dan belalang sebagai konsumen pertama.
Dengan berkurangnya konsumen pertama maka akan berpengaruh pada berkurangnya
populasi konsumen kedua yaitu burung pipit dan katak. Ini pun akan
berpengaruh dengan berkurangnya konsumen utama yaitu elang. Produsen selain
sawi akan meningkat yaitu bunga sepatu</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 128.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kupu-kupu <i>Biston betularia </i>adalah jenis hewan yang
melindungi dirinya dengan menyamarkan warna tubuhnya pada warna kulit pohon.<i>
</i>Setelah terjadi revolusi industri di Inggris, polusi industri membuat
lingkungan menjadi gelap. Ternyata<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kupu-kupu
<i>Biston betularia </i>berwarna cerah mengalami penurunan drastis,
sebaliknya populasi kupu-kupu <i>Biston betularia </i>berwarna gelap
mengalami peningkatan. Mengapa dapat terjadi hal tersebut?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Polusi industri membuat warna
kulit pohon menjadi gelap sehingga habitat kupu-kupu berwarna gelap lebih
tersembunyi dibanding kupu-kupu berwarna cerah sehingga lebih mampu
melindungi dirinya</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 128.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengidentifikasi/merumuskan
pertanyaan.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“Pada percobaan perkecambahan, biji kacang hijau akan lebih cepat
tumbuh pada media kapas yang diberi air dibandingkan dengan media kapas yang
tidak diberi air.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pertanyaan apa yang muncul di pikiran kamu dari paparan di atas?</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Biji akan lebih cepat berkecambah jika diletakkan pada media?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kapas ada media untuk perkecambahan dari suatu biji tanaman?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Hormon apa yang dipicu air untuk aktif mengatur perkecambahan?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Air merupakan media untuk mengkecambahkan biji tanaman?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pertanyaan apa yang muncul di pikiran kamu dari gambar di bawah
ini?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa
hubungan antara ke empat hewan di gambar?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bagaimana
terjadi kemiripan di antara empat gambar di atas?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 37.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 56.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memberikan penilaian terhadap
solusi, gagasan, dan metodologi dengan menggunakan kriteria yang cocok atau
standar yang ada untuk memastikan nilai efektivitas atau manfaatnya.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tumpukan sampah rumah tangga yang berupa botol, kaleng minuman,
kertas dan plastik sangat mengganggu lingkungan. Maka untuk mengurangi polusi
sampah tersebut dilakukanlah beberapa solusi yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mendorong
penduduk membuang sampah di tempat sampah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menggiatkan
program 3 R (<i>Reuse, Reduce, Reecycle</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menggunakan
bahan organik sebagai pembungkus makanan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gotong royong membersihkan sampah lingkungan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dari beberapa
solusi tersebut, urutkan dari solusi yang terbaik dalam mengurangi polusi
rumah tangga tersebut! Apa pertimbangan kamu untuk mengurutkan seperti itu?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Solusi terbaik dalam mengurangi
polusi rumah tangga tersebut adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menggiatkan
program 3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menggunakan
bahan organik sebagai pembungkus makanan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mendorong
penduduk membuang sampah di tempat sampah</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gotong royong
membersihkan sampah lingkungan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pertimbangan saya adalah solusi paling
utama adalah memanfaatkan sampah yg sudah ada menjadi hal yg berguna, maka 3R
adalah solusi yang paling tepat, lalu mengurangi penggunaan bahan yg mampu
menjadi sampah dan terakhir membersihkan sampah yg sudah ada bersama sama. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 69.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Solusi untuk menghindari pencemaran sungai oleh limbah pabrik
adalah dengan cara:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengolah
limbah pabrik sebelum dibuang ke sungai</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Melarang
pabrik tersebut untuk beroperasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memindahkan
pabrik ke daerah lain</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gotong
royong membersihkan air sungai</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Manakah Solusi paling tepat dari berbagai cara tersebut? Apa
pertimbangan kamu untuk mengurutkan seperti itu?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mengolah limbah pabrik sebelum dibuang ke sungai</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pertimbangan saya adalah solusi paling utama adalah memanfaatkan
sampah yg sudah ada menjadi hal yg bermanfaat kembali sehingga mampu
mengurangi sampah yg dihasilkan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 69.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membuat hipotesis, mengkritik dan
melakukan pengujian.</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kotiledon adalah sumber makanan bagi biji saat tumbuh berkecambah
sebelum ia memiliki daun. Saat kecambah tersebut memiliki daun maka sumber
makanan berasal dari fotosintesis menggunakan cahaya matahari. Bagaimanakah
perbedaan pertumbuhan dari kecambah yang ditanam di halaman rumah dan di
bawah tempat tidur?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menurut saya, kecambah yang
ditanam di halaman akan tumbuh menggunakan sumber makanan dari hasil
fotosintesis, massanya lebih besar dan lebih segar. Kecambah yang ditanam di
bawah tempat tidur akan tumbuh menggunakan sumber makanan dari kotiledon,
massanya lebih kecil dan tampak lebih layu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Arah gerak pertumbuhan tanaman
salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh rangsangan cahaya matahari dan gravitasi bumi.
Tunas tumbuh menuju arah datangnya cahaya matahari dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>akar tumbuh menuju ke arah pusat bumi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa yang akan terjadi jika sebuah tanaman ditanam dengan posisi
seperti gambar di bawah ini?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-align: center; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Akar akan tumbuh ke arah pusat
bumi dan daun akan tumbuh ke arah cahaya</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 42.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menerima atau menolak suatu
pernyataan berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan.</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">“Menurut Darwin, manusia satu titik keturunan dengan kera.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Setujukah kamu dengan pernyataan tersebut? Kemukakan alasan kamu!</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Setuju,
karena adanya garis evolusi manusia dari kera</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak setuju,
karena banyaknya bukti bahwa manusia tidak berevolusi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 3.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 3.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membuat generalisasi suatu ide
atau cara pandang terhadap sesuatu.</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Perhatikan pernyataan berikut!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paus berkembang biak dengan melahirkan dan menyusui anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lumba-lumba berkembang biak dengan melahirkan dan menyusui
anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikan mas berkembang biak dengan bertelur dan tidak menyusui
anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ikan hiu berkembang biak dengan bertelur dan tidak menyusui
anaknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Apa kesimpulan yang dapat kamu ambil dari pernyataan di atas?</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Paus dan lumba-lumba termasuk ordo mamalia karena memiliki
ciri-ciri melahirkan dan menyusui</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sedangkan ikan mas dan ikan lele termasuk ordo pisces karena
memiliki ciri-ciri bertelur dan tidak menyusui anaknya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Merancang suatu cara untuk
menyelesaikan masalah.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bertambah banyaknya pemukiman di sekitar ibu kota dapat
mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran tanah oleh sampah plastik. Upaya untuk
mengatasi pencemaran tersebut adalah?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Mendaur ulang limbah plastik menjadi kerajinan tangan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tempat pembuangan sampah umum di sudut Pondok Pesantren Ulumul
Qur’an mengalami kelebihan kapasitas penampungan sampah. Apa solusi yang
dapat kamu lakukan terhadap sampah tersebut?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.15in;" valign="top" width="302"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memisahkan sampah organik dan anorganik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membuat kompos dari sampah organik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membuat kerajinan tangan dari sampah anorganik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.1pt;" valign="top" width="37"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.05pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengorganisasikan unsur-unsur atau
bagian-bagian menjadi struktur baru yang belum pernah ada sebelumnya.</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">C6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 283.5pt;" valign="top" width="378"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Spora lumut yang jatuh pada tempat yang cocok akan tumbuh menjadi
protonema. Protonema tersebut akan tumbuh menjadi tumbuhan lumut. Tumbuhan lumut
dewasa akan menghasilkan sel kelamin yaitu anteridium sebagai penghasil spermatozoid
dan akregonium sebagai penghasil sel telur.Hasil dari pembuahan antara sel
telur dan spermatozoid disebut zigot. Zigot akan tumbuh menjadi sporogonium.
Sporogonium dewasa akan meghasilkan spora dalam bentuk sporangium (kotak
spora). Spora lumut ini akan kembali tumbuh menjadi protoema dan terjadi
pengulangan pergiliran pertumbuhan keturunan lumut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
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keturunan tumbuhan lumut tersebut !</span></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-33948147890813053342017-08-18T09:11:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:36:19.727+07:00Game Naruto Android terbaik "Naruto Mobile Fighter"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-N5Iuj7KXazY/WZZKkTwA4nI/AAAAAAAASb8/AMg0p1pCZ5QgaW5IW0eOeY3ZSd5bv1geQCLcBGAs/s1600/Screenshot_20170818-080533.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="360" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-N5Iuj7KXazY/WZZKkTwA4nI/AAAAAAAASb8/AMg0p1pCZ5QgaW5IW0eOeY3ZSd5bv1geQCLcBGAs/s640/Screenshot_20170818-080533.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Siapa yg tidak tau Naruto, anime terbaik (menurut saya) dengan story yg super epic ditambah karakter karakternya yg luar biasa menjadikan anime ini tidak hanya sebatas ditonton saja, tapi juga sangat asik untuk dimainkam dalam bentuk game. </div>
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Tentu saja kita tau game-game naruto yg ada di konsol Playstation dan PC seperti Naruto Storm series yg berakhir pada seri storm 4. Keterbatasan Spek PC mungkin salah satu alasan kita belum menikmati game2 tersebut dengan maksimal. Hehe</div>
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Zaman sekarang ternyata banyak yg berpindah hati dr hobby bermain pc menuju era smartphone. Terutama untuk penyediaan game yg banyak dan mudah diakses, gratis, legal dan bisa dimainkan dimana saja dan kapan saja. Uang digunakan hanya untuk pemain yg ingin berkarir lewat jalan pintas. </div>
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Nah bagaimana jika game yg akan kita nikmati di smartphone kita adalah game naruto. Inilah game terbaik untuk saat ini "Naruto Mobile Fighter". Game ini satu satunya game naruto android yg berlisensi langsung pada Masashi Kishimoto. Pembuatnya adalah Pembuat game naruto fenomenal di PS dan PC, siapa lg kl bukan "Bandai Namco". Perusahaan ini bekerjasama pada Perusahaan besar di cina, Thencent. Kekurangan game ini adalah belumnya rilis versi globalnya. Jd sementara hanya bisa dimainkan menggunakan bahasa cina. Inilah kesulitan yg dialami oleh pemain dari Indonesia yg sudah tidak sabar untuk mencicipi game ini. Saya sendiri bermain hanya menggunakan feeling saja. Setelah bermain cukup lama, barulah saya bisa memahami maksud dr game2 ini tanpa tau arti bahasa yg ada disana. Inilah yg akan saya bahas pada blog ini, tutorial untuk bermain game naruto mobile fighter bagi pemula yg tidak paham bahasa dewa. Saya berinisiatif membuat ini karena melihat peminat game ini semakin banyak saja dr indonesia, tetapi tutorialnya sangat sedikit. Saya akan mencoba membuat tutorial game ini dr apa yg sudah saya pahami sedikit. </div>
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Saya akan membagi tutorial ini pada beberapa bahasan. Sebelum itu saya minta teman2 mendownload dulu game ini di google. Jangan mencari di playstore krn belum ada. Jika teman2 kesulitan mencari linknya, silahkan request di komentar, mungkin saya bisa mencoba upload apk game yg sudah saya miliki. Berikut adalah penampakan game ini</div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-28539903804822180882016-04-24T14:06:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:34:39.141+07:00Cara Membuat STOP MOTION Tali Kaset Membentuk Wajah Seperti di Video Klip Bruno Mars "Just The Way You Are"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/u2uoXHLYVa0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/u2uoXHLYVa0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Langsung saja, Saya menggunakan aplikasi Photoshop CS6 dan Movie Maker<br />
Sebelumnya untuk tutorial membuat wajah kita seperti pada video tersebut ada di link berikut:<br />
<h4>
<a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2016/04/cara-manipulasi-wajah-dengan-tali-kaset.html" target="post">Cara manipulasi wajah dengan tali kaset seperti di video klip Bruno Mars "Just The Way You Are"</a></h4>
1. SEDIAKAN BAHAN BERIKUT<br />
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2. BUKA KEDUANYA DI DALAM APLIKASI PHOTOSHOP<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Evo1QO1rFTU/VxxsZZQvW3I/AAAAAAAARC4/W03xDj05JRs-TS8DyQZaHFybKRy6v6NoACLcB/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Evo1QO1rFTU/VxxsZZQvW3I/AAAAAAAARC4/W03xDj05JRs-TS8DyQZaHFybKRy6v6NoACLcB/s320/2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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3. ADD LAYER MASK pada layer 1 dengan cara klik pada yg saya tunjuk dengan cursor di gambar berikut,, beri warna putih jika masking belum berwarna putih<br />
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4. ATUR BRUSH dengan warna hitam dan usapkan pada masking perlahan dari gambar kaset. lalu save dengan format png/jpg dan beri nama "1"<br />
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5. TAHAP INI ADALAH TAHAP PEMBUATAN FRAME, ingat satu frame adalah astu gerakan jadi buatlah perlahan. berinama berurutan ''1'' ''2'' ''3'' ..... dst<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Bxag9gSHBOM/VxxsgexVtDI/AAAAAAAARDM/GohUtCCFqls993hjKW-4ho7XslvJe0psQCLcB/s1600/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Bxag9gSHBOM/VxxsgexVtDI/AAAAAAAARDM/GohUtCCFqls993hjKW-4ho7XslvJe0psQCLcB/s320/7.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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7. LAKUKAN LANGKAH TERSEBUT HINGGA TERSEDIA BANYAK FRAME UNTUK PMBUATAN VIDEO SESUAI SELERA ANDA<br />
8. SEDIAKAN MUSIK BRUNO MARS DENGAN JUDUL 'JUST THE WAY YOU ARE'<br />
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9. BUKA MOVIE MAKER, MASUKAN SEMUA FRAME DAN MUSIK<br />
10. ATUR SPEED DAN MUSIK AGAR SESUAI DENGAN SELERA ANDA, disini saya menggunakan speed 0,50 dari 30 frame sehingga hasilnya adalah 15menit foto *supaya bisa diupload di instagram. hihi<br />
11 JIKA SUDAH SAVE DAN SELESAI<br />
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Untuk tutorial videonya:<br />
<br />Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-57190251396235906822016-04-24T13:03:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:34:28.712+07:00Cara manipulasi wajah dengan tali kaset seperti di video klip Bruno Mars "Just The Way You Are"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Langsung saja saya disini menggunakan adobe photoshop cs6, sebelumnya download dulu dua foto di atas!<br />
sebelumnya maaf jika tutorial ini banyak ditemukan kekeliruan karena saya masih sangat pemula. haha <br />
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<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/u2uoXHLYVa0/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/u2uoXHLYVa0?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<li>Buka foto yg mau diedit<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3fGt-2FK-no/VxxUvbYxZZI/AAAAAAAARAc/hCtc1Zhf3igRs7zk3rUYiuz0DMeOmtK3wCLcB/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3fGt-2FK-no/VxxUvbYxZZI/AAAAAAAARAc/hCtc1Zhf3igRs7zk3rUYiuz0DMeOmtK3wCLcB/s320/1.png" width="320" /> </a></div>
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2. Jadikan foto hitam putih dengan menekan ctrl,shift, dan U secara bersamaan </div>
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3. klik Image>adjusment>threshold lalu atur hingga sekiranya rupa wajah anda bisa dikenali<br />
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4. klik select>color range lalu lakukan setting seperti digambar ini, klik bagian warna putih dan klik oke<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4SWQe_E3JeA/VxxXUz-NUiI/AAAAAAAARBk/PXculQTEkbIMdkz9cQ4k_GC414VFY6vzQCLcB/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4SWQe_E3JeA/VxxXUz-NUiI/AAAAAAAARBk/PXculQTEkbIMdkz9cQ4k_GC414VFY6vzQCLcB/s320/4.png" width="320" /></a></div>
5. hasilnya bagian putihnya akan terseleksi, pencet tombol delete maka bagian putihnya akan terhapus<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3rXpD4F18w/VxxXXc8BJuI/AAAAAAAARBs/VnArrG_yOWgo4u7duhXgVttLph9Shv5XQCLcB/s1600/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3rXpD4F18w/VxxXXc8BJuI/AAAAAAAARBs/VnArrG_yOWgo4u7duhXgVttLph9Shv5XQCLcB/s320/5.png" width="320" /></a></div>
6. menggunakan erase tool, hapus dan sisakan wajah yang ingin kita gunakan seperti contoh di bawah ini<br />
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7. buka dua bahan yang tadi sudah didownload lalu drag/pindahkan wajah anda ke layer di bahan yg sudah disediakan<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M6dijQAXw2g/VxxXz_wHM0I/AAAAAAAARB8/olR17EWrbrU72RekTdM_MLX7z6ugwLNxwCLcB/s1600/9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M6dijQAXw2g/VxxXz_wHM0I/AAAAAAAARB8/olR17EWrbrU72RekTdM_MLX7z6ugwLNxwCLcB/s320/9.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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8. klik blending optiont pada layer wajah anda atau coba lihat di bawah layer ada icon "FX", klik kanan, pilih gradient overlay. pilih warna dengan kode seperti gambar di bawah ini (#281818) lalu oke<br />
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9. ohya agar mudah kita beri nama layer yg ada wajah bruno mars dengan (layer 1), background dengan (layer 2) dan wajah anda dengan (layer 3)<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sRcFzW0kHvQ/VxxVMTxHQBI/AAAAAAAARAo/z_GULxmUGxIQ72vGpaYv9GTJ-aCAn2WKQCLcB/s1600/13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sRcFzW0kHvQ/VxxVMTxHQBI/AAAAAAAARAo/z_GULxmUGxIQ72vGpaYv9GTJ-aCAn2WKQCLcB/s320/13.png" width="320" /></a></div>
10. pada layer 2, "add mask" dengan cara klik yg saya tunjuk dengan cursor di gambar<br />
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11. pada masking beri warna putih jika belum putih. lalu gunakan brush dengan warna hitam dan atur seperti gambar di bawah ini<br />
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12. usapkan brush mula dari gambar kaset sehingga tali2 kaset akan muncul. usapkan hingga tali2 tersebut membentuk sebagai leher dan badan dari wajah anda<br />
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13. atur size wajah anda agar terlihat pas dengan tali2 kaset tadi<br />
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Sekian tutorial ini, mohon maaf jika banyak kekeliruan dan agak absurd. haha<br />
ayo kita sama-sama diskusi dan belajar di kolom komentar :)<br />
Selanjutnya untuk membuat gambar ini menjadi video stop motion silahkan klik link di bawah ini:</li>
</ol>
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<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/u2uoXHLYVa0/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/u2uoXHLYVa0?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2016/04/cara-membuat-stop-motion-tali-kaset.html" target="_blank">Cara membuat Stop Motion seperti di video klip Bruno Mars "Just The Way You Are"</a> <br />
or cek my ig: <complete id="goog_1392279984">@_aghry_</complete> <br />
<ol>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-81852840941473279982013-08-31T08:10:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:36:28.097+07:00Translasi Bakteri<b class="tr_bq">Translasi adalah proses penerjemahan kode genetik oleh tRNA ke dalam urutan asam amino. </b><br />
<blockquote>
Translasi menjadi tiga tahap (sama seperti pada transkripsi) yaitu
inisiasi, elongasi, dan terminasi. Semua tahapan ini memerlukan
faktor-faktor protein yang membantu mRNA, tRNA, dan ribosom selama
proses translasi. Inisiasi dan elongasi rantai polipeptida juga
membutuhkan sejumlah energi. Energi ini disediakan oleh GTP (guanosin
triphosphat), suatu molekul yang mirip dengan ATP<br />
<a name='more'></a> </blockquote>
<b> 1. Inisiasi</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Tahap inisiasi terjadi karena adanya tiga komponen yaitu mRNA, sebuah
tRNA yang memuat asam amino pertama dari polipeptida, dan dua sub unit
ribosom.</blockquote>
<b>2. Elongasi </b><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Pada
tahap elongasi dari translasi, asam amino-asam amino ditambahkan satu
per satu pada asam amino pertama (metionin). Ribosom terus bergeser agar
mRNA lebih masuk, guna membaca kodon II. Misalnya kodon II UCA, yang
segera diterjemahkan oleh tRNA berarti kodon AGU sambil membawa </blockquote>
<b>Rekombinasi Genetik</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Ada tiga macam dasar transfer DNA satu sel bakteri dewasa yang
idependen kesel lainya , pada umumnya dikenal sebagai tranfer gen
horisontal, yang menghasilkan suatu organisme rekombinan dengan satu
atau lebih fenotip baru.</blockquote>
<b>Transformasi</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Transformasi adalah pemindahan sedikit materi genetik, bahkan satu gen saja dari satu sel bakteri ke sel bakteri yang lainnya</blockquote>
<b>Konjugasi</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Konjugasi
adalah pemindahan materi genetik berupa plasmid secara langsung melalui
kontak sel dengan membentuk struktur seperti jembatan diantara dua sel
bakteri yang berdekatan.Umumnya terjadi pada bakteri gram negatif.</blockquote>
<b>Trasnduksi</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Transduksi
adalah pemindahan materi genetik satu sel bakteri ke sel bakteri
lainnnya dengan perantaraan organisme yang lain yaitu bakteriofage
(virus bakteri).</blockquote>
<b>Regulasi aktivitas gen bakteri</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Aktivitas
semua gen harus dalam satu atau beberapa cara demi penggunaan energi
sel secara efisien . Mekanisme regulasi atas ekspresi gen tersebut bisa
bekerja pada satau atau beberapa tingkatan.</blockquote>
<b>Kontror negatif yang bisa diinduksi </b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Prototipe kontrol negatif berupa operon yang bisa diinduksi dalah operon laktosa E.Coli </blockquote>
<b>Kontror negatif yang bisa Represi </b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sebuah contoh operon yang bisadirepresi dibawah kontrol negatifditemukan pada sistem triptofan </blockquote>
<b>Kontrol positif yang bisa diinduksi</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b> </b>Sebuah contoh dari mekanisme regulatoris positif yang bisa diinduksi ditemukan pada operon arabinosa pada E.coli<span style="color: white; font-family: "Berlin Sans FB Demi"; font-size: 28.0pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; language: en-US; letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Berlin Sans FB Demi"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-color-index: 0; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: no; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: white; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: background1; mso-style-textfill-type: solid; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; text-transform: none;">.</span></blockquote>
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baca juga <a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/07/translasi-pada-prokariot-dan-eukariot.html" target="_blank">TRANSLASI PADA EUKARIOT DAN PROKARIOT</a> dan <a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/07/sintesis-protein-pada-eukariot-dan.html" target="_blank">SINTESIS PROTEIN PADA EUKARIOT DAN PROKARIOT</a> Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-51560654980693307102013-08-06T17:09:00.003+07:002021-10-28T19:36:37.709+07:00Trik Mempercepat Internet, Modem, Download, dan Membuka semua situs terblokir<h2>
Kenapa dengan Internet?</h2>
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Pentingnya Internet Dalam Mengerjakan Tugas Ilmiah</h3>
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Dalam kehidupan ini, terutama dalam mengerjakan segala tugas kuliah, tidak dipungkiri bahwa kebutuhan internet menjadi peran utama dalam mencari informasi. <b>Ada banyak fungsi internet</b> yg tentunya tidak perlu saya jelaskan karna agan-agan pasti sudah lebih mengerti dari saya.</div>
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Kenapa harus dipercepat internetnya?</h3>
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<i>Tapi tentunya masing2 dari kita menginginkan kecepatan internet yang cukup untuk mencari data atau sekedar mendownload dan main game online.</i> <br />
<a name='more'></a>Ada banyak pilihan paket internet dengan kecepatan masing-masing yang menggiurkan tergantung yg mana yg kita pilih. Mengeluarkan sedikit kroscek sepertinya tidak menjadi masalah demi sebuah <b>kecepatan internet yg memuaskan</b>. internet yg lambat sudah pasti sangat mengganggu aktivitas kita, <i>pertama akan membuang banyak waktu dalam mengerjakan tugas, kedua akan sangat menguji kesabaran kita. hehe</i></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Iq284YL1ynk/VTmmksAhGfI/AAAAAAAAQwo/z17f_Udz0ko/s1600/mad.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Iq284YL1ynk/VTmmksAhGfI/AAAAAAAAQwo/z17f_Udz0ko/s1600/mad.gif" /></a>Pasti sobat pernah kan merasakannya, saya sendiri rasanya mau melempar kompi saya aja <br />
kalau menunggu internet yg lambat padahal tugasnya udah mau deadline</blockquote>
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Nah, pada kenyataannya ada banyak paket2 internet murah dan cepat dari berbagai operator, beberapa teman kita sudah merasakan kecepatannya. Kita pun ikut mencoba apa yg sudah dibuktikan teman kita. Tapi kenyataannya, saat dicoba dirumah kita ternyata lemot -_-</div>
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Penyebab lemot dan solusinya</h2>
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Pengertian DNS</h3>
Nah, Sebelumnya, saya ingin menjelaskan sedikit pengetahuan ane tentang internet, hehe<br />
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Ya, dalam dunia internet ini, ada namanya DNS atau Domain Name Server. Nah sederhananya setiap server memiliki DNS masing2. Setiap penyedia layanan sambungan internet seperti XL, Indosat, Telkom, Telkomsel, dan masih banyak lagi memiliki DNS masing2. Setiap DNS itu memiliki kemampuan kecepatan dan spesifikasi dalam pembacaan IP tersendiri. Intinya DNSmu menentukan kecepatan internetmu. hehe</div>
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Semakin banyak pengguna DNS itu, Semakin Drop kecepatan internetnya, Lalu setiap daerah juga memiliki DNS tercepat masing-masing. <b>Nah, trik kali ini adalah bagaimana cara memilih DNS paling cepat bagi kita melihat DNS ini sangat spesifik?</b></div>
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<b>Solusinya</b></h3>
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Ada banyak cara mengganti DNS ini, Kita bisa mencari daftar DNS lokal maupun interlokal lalu mencobanya secara manual sampai menemukan DNS yg paling cepat. Tapi menurut saya cara ini terlalu merepotkan.</div>
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Solusi yg saya sarankan adalah menggunakan jasa pihak ketiga atau menggunakan sebuah software yg bisa melakukan pekerjaan yg merepotkan tadi dengan otomatis. Kita bisa memilih DNS yg kita suka atau minta dicarikan DNS paling cepat di daerah kita. Selain itu software ini berukuran sangat kecil, gak sampai 1mb. hehe </div>
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Tapi bisa memberikan manfaat yg besar ^_^</div>
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Nama software ini adalah <b>DNS JUMPHER </b>Silahkan kamu download softwarenya dulu <a href="http://files.indowebster.com/download/files/dnsjumper_v1_04_aghrywiranata_blogpot_com" target="_blank">disini</a></div>
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pasword: aghrywiranata.blogspot.com</div>
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<b>Bagaimana Cara kerjanya?</b></h2>
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<b>1. mempercepat internet dan modem</b></h2>
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Dengan menggunakan software kecil ini, kita bisa memilih DNS apa yg paling cepat bagi kita. Mungkin saat teman kita menggunakan modem yg kita miliki dirumahnya bisa cepat karena DNS dari operator yg kamu gunakan cocok dengan daerahnya, tapi bisa lemot di rumah kita kalau tidak cocok. Nah, ini bisa diakali dengan mengganti DNSnya. Saya sendiri sudah puas dengan kecepatan internet saya yg sekarang :p</div>
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2. Membuka situs yg diblokir</h3>
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Keunggulan lainnya dari mengganti DNS ternyata bisa membuka situs-situs yang diblokir, <b>ada beberapa situs di internet yg tidak bisa kita kunjungi karna diblokir nawala. Situs tersebut biasanya mengandung pornografi, judi, penipuan, atau virus. </b>Tapi bukan itu yg akan kita bahas disini, yang menjadi masalah terkadang google dengan program-program barunya bisa memenjarakan sebuah blog sementara untuk pemerikasaan sehingga blog itu hilang seperti ditelan bumi sampai masa tahanannya selesai baru dia lulus dari masa pemeriksaan. Jika blog itu mengandung unsur <b>copas </b> maka bisa dihapus oleh google blognya untuk selama-lamanya. Tapi jika blog itu memang original, dia akan melompat menjadi rangking satu di google. Nah masalahnya bagaimana kalau ada data penting yg ingin kita ambil dari blog itu. Nah, dengan menggunakan DNS universal kita bisa membuka situs-situs tersebut. Coba saja anda gunakan DNS google dan semuanya akan terbuka. tapi ingat, <i>JANGAN DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MEMBUKA SITUS PORNO YA</i></div>
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Bagaimana cara menggunakannya DNS JUMPHER?</h2>
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Cara menggunakannya sangatlah mudah, tapi bagi anda yg bingun atau ragu takut eror kompinya karna salah pencet kalian bisa melihat tutorial yg saya buat. Saya akan menjelaskannya dengan screenshoot supaya mudah dimengerti. Tapi berhubung sudah mendekati magrib. Saya ijin buka puasa dulu ya. hehe</div>
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Saya akan update nanti malam. Untuk sementara, saya minta tolong share blog baru saya ini supaya dikenal google dengan klik G+1 dibagian bawah blog saya ya. Saya juga berharap agan mau bantu biaya kuliah saya dengan klik iklan2 yg ada disini. hehe</div>
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Sambil menunggu, baca juga yg ini ya</div>
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<b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/03/mengoptimalkan-kecepatan-download.html" target="_blank">Mengoptimalkan Kecepatan Download Semaksimal Mungkin</a></b></div>
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<b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/07/trik-meringankan-mozilla-firefox.html" target="_blank">Trik Meringankan Mozilla Firefox</a></b><br />
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UPDATE:<br />
Alhamdulilah selesai juga shalat taraweh. Nah sesuai janji saya akan memberikan tutorial bergambar, mudah kok :)<br />
1. program ini tidak perlu diinstal, bisa anda simpan diflashdisk. Jika mau menjalankan program, jalankan DNSJumpher.exe<br />
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2. Nanti tampilannya seperti ini, </div>
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<li>-select network card: pilih card yg mau kamu ganti DNSnya, karena saya memakai Wifi jadi saya pilih driver Wlan card, kalau kamu menggunakan Modem, pilih modem kamu.</li>
<li>-choose a free DNS service: Pilih DNS yg mau kamu coba, </li>
<li>-Manual DNS Servers: Kalau kamu mau ngisi secara manual, silahkan isi kodenya disini</li>
<li>-Apply DNS: Kalau sudah pilah pilihnya, silahkan di apply ke komputer kamu disini</li>
<li>-Fastest DNS: Kalau mau minta dicarikan otomatis DNS paling cepet buat daerah kamu, pake ini aja nanti tampilannya seperti ini: </li>
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<li>-Kalau sudah ketemu, silahkan Apply</li>
<li>-Backup: Kalau takut eror, backup aja dulu DNS kompi kamu biar bisa dibalikin lagi</li>
<li>-Flush DNS: Kalau sudah yakin, klik tab ini untuk menyelesaikannya. Kalau berhasil nanti akan seperti ini. Oh ya jangan lupa sebelum melakukan ini semua, tutup dulu semua browser kamu.</li>
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<b>ENJOY</b></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-58872815317494585952013-08-04T16:09:00.003+07:002015-04-24T09:27:22.435+07:00Satu Software Kecil dan RIngan namun Multifungsi (Membuka Semua Format Gambar, Video, Game Flash, dll)<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4IzSwPk_Lw4/VTmon2NvmfI/AAAAAAAAQw4/BgB9Zax12uE/s1600/cool.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4IzSwPk_Lw4/VTmon2NvmfI/AAAAAAAAQw4/BgB9Zax12uE/s1600/cool.gif" /></a>Assalamualaikum sobat semua, masihkah baik kabar puasamu hari ini? :)<br />
harus tetap semangat ya untuk berbagi manfaat supaya pahalamu mengalir sepanjang manfaat itu ada ^_^<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--CYgCRgFGBs/VTmowHGZa_I/AAAAAAAAQxA/Tq42JzNGOk8/s1600/araara.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--CYgCRgFGBs/VTmowHGZa_I/AAAAAAAAQxA/Tq42JzNGOk8/s1600/araara.gif" /></a>Ane juga gak mau kalah nih, seperti janji ane yg lalu setelah share game asik buat hiburan agan2 sekalian, truz kasih tips buat pengajaran yg optimal menggunakan animasi. Kali ini ane mau bagi-bagi perangkat yg pasti sangat kalian butuhkan.<br />
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Coba deh kalian perhatikan postingan ini, terlihat lebih hidup bukan dengan adanya animasi lucu yg mengexpresikan bagaimana perasaan penulis saat ini. Komunikasi pun lebih terasa. Sama halnya saat kalian mempresentasikan pelajaran menggunakan animasi. </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vfqn4Qnf1ZM/VTmpCNOrNfI/AAAAAAAAQxI/HEOhAP0gQlQ/s1600/yatta.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vfqn4Qnf1ZM/VTmpCNOrNfI/AAAAAAAAQxI/HEOhAP0gQlQ/s1600/yatta.gif" /></a></div>
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Namun tanpa kita sadari, di luar web ini, atau office PPT yg sering kita gunakan untuk animasi ini ternyata para gambar-gambar lucu bergerak ini tidak bisa bergerak. Ya, itu terjadi semenjak kita berganti dari windows xp menuju windows vista, seven, sampai windows 8.</div>
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Yang perlu diketahui disini adalah, bahwa memang format dari suatu gambar itu bermacam-macam, masing-masing memiliki kelebihan, foto yg biasa kita gunakan berformat JPG, sedangkan yg bergerak ini berformat GIF, ada juga yg memiliki background transparan formatnya PNG, atau yg biasa dipakai windows atau software dengan backgroun hijau namun ternyata transparan berformat BMP. Dan masih banyak lagi seperti PSD, TIFF, SWF, dsb...</blockquote>
Nah sewaktu kita masih menggunakan windows xp, sebagian besar format - format yg saya sebutkan ini masih bisa dibuka menggunakan perangkat bawaan windows. Namun saat ini windows sepertinya kehilangan kemampuan ini, sehingga gambar bergerak gif ini biasanya tidak terlihat bergerak lagi.<br />
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Animasi-animasi yg sudah saya bagikan untuk sobat semua secara gratis pun sepertinya tidak maksimal dalam penggunaannya, kita diharuskan membukanya dulu satu persatu dalam PPT untuk melihat bagaimana pergerakan mereka. Sepertinya akan sangat melelahkan untuk melakukan itu...<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Tapi tenang, ane udah punya solusinya sekarang buat sobat semua yg bisa dinimati secara gratissss !!!!!</span></div>
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Tapi kalau tidak keberatan, bagikan juga ke teman-teman yg lain supaya mereka juga bisa merasakan manfaatnya ya :)</div>
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Nah, solusi yg saya berikan ini menggunakan sebuah software kecil namun ajaib, ukurannya kecil tapi bisa membuka seluruh format gambar. Selain itu, aplikasi ini sangat ringan sehingga walaupun sudah membantu </div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HvkwiUtPiFU/VTmppo6iWxI/AAAAAAAAQxQ/VZHh3tEJDQw/s1600/Irfanview.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HvkwiUtPiFU/VTmppo6iWxI/AAAAAAAAQxQ/VZHh3tEJDQw/s1600/Irfanview.jpg" height="320" width="196" /></a></div>
banyak pekerjaan komputer kita dia tidak membuat komputer menjadi berat.<br />
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Namanya sih lucu, <b>"IRFAN VIEW" </b>logonya pun tidak menyakinkan karna menggunakan gambar seperti kucing yg lagi ketabrak sehingga terlihat lucu. hehe</div>
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tapi jangan meremehkan software ini ya, karna dengan kekuatan saktinya kita bisa menghemat waktu untuk menginstal banyak-banyak software yg hanya membuat komputer kita menjadi berat. ya ini sudah saya jelaskan sebelumnya pada postingan saya yang berjudul <b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2012/10/satu-software-untuk-membuka-semua.html" target="_blank">SATU SOFTWARE UNTUK MEMBUKA SEMUA FORMAT VIDEO</a>. Silahkan diklik </b>jika berminat memilikinya juga.</div>
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Nah untuk si irfanview ini, kalau kalian mau mendownload, klik icon kucing lucu ini ya untuk mendownloadnya </div>
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<a href="http://files.indowebster.com/iview436_setup.html" target="_blank"><img alt="http://files.indowebster.com/iview436_setup.html" border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vfqn4Qnf1ZM/VTmpCNOrNfI/AAAAAAAAQxI/HEOhAP0gQlQ/s1600/yatta.gif" /></a></div>
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Pswordnya jangan lupa ya: aghrywiranata.blogspot.com</div>
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Eitss tunggu dulu belum selesai, setelah kalian menginstal aplikasi ini, download ini juga. Ini adalah kumpulan plugin milik irvanview ini, dengan plugin ini kita bisa melakukan lebih dalam pemanfaatan aplikasi ini. Misalnya saja <i>melakukan slideshow, edit foto, compress foto yg berukuran besar, membuka PSD hasil editan photoshop, membuka flash, bermain game flash, membuka swf, dan beberapa format video kecil juga masih banyak manfaat-manfaat lain. Widih, ga main-main kan game yg saya kasih ini. </i></blockquote>
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Caranya download dulu pluginnya <a href="http://files.indowebster.com/irfanview_plugins_436.html" target="_blank">disini</a></div>
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paswordnya sama ya.</div>
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kalau sudah didownload, diextrack dulu ya, baru copy semua yg ada didalamnya dan pastekan kedirektori si irfanview ini. Yaitu masuk ke local disk C, Program File, Pilih Irfan View, ada folder namnya "plugin" nah kamu pastekan disana. <b>Enjoy</b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/search/label/Animasi" target="_blank">Download juga kumpulan animasi disini</a></span></b></div>
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-21341655969826899452013-08-03T20:19:00.001+07:002015-04-24T09:28:12.886+07:00Buat Presentasi Anda Menarik dengan KUMPULAN ANIMASI BERGERAK GRATIS disiniDalam pembelajaran, era ini kita sudah disuguhkan sebuah metode yang bisa dibilang canggih yaitu pembelajaran menggunakan ICT. Biasanya di sekolah - sekolah kebanyakan sudah menerapkan metode ini. Salah satunya ialah menggunakan presentasi PPT atau PowerPoint. Saya sendiri mulai menerapkan metode ini di pesantren saya dan alangkah senangnya melihat para santri yg lebih semangat belajar dan tidak ada yg mengantuk meskipun pelajarannya lumayan sulit. Ya, metode ini memang terkenal bisa membuat suatu pelajaran yang sulit terlihat lebih mudah dan menyenangkan. Kenapa bisa begitu?<br />
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<li>PowerPoint berarti kita hanya menyajikan inti dari pelajaran saja, sehingga murid yg tadinya pusing duluan karna melihat materi yg banyak akan lebih melihat pelajaran yg simple dan berwarna</li>
<li>Kemajuan teknologi yg menyesuaikan belajar dengan kemajuan zaman</li>
<li>Para guru lebih dimudahkan dalam menerangkan daripada memegang sebuah buku</li>
<li>Dapat membangun imajinasi murid pada topik materi yg sedang dibahas karena kita dapat menampilkan aNimasi bergerak</li>
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Nah, dari sini kita dapat memahami bahwa suatu presentasi idealnya terdiri dari sedikit kata-kata dan lebih banyak gambar. Jangan takut akan berkurangnya materi, karena apa yg kita jelaskan dengan mulut kita sendiri akan lebih mudah dipahami serta lebih di ingat oleh murid daripada kita memberikan wacana. Kemudian banyaknya gambar juga akan lebih membawa para siswa tentang apa yg ia pelajari, bagaimana bentuknya, bagaimana dalam kehidupan aslinya, untuk apa ia mempelajarinya. Lebih menarik bukan?</blockquote>
Contohnya kita lihat saja PPT yg pernah saya posting di blog ini ketika menjelaskan <a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2012/10/ppt-sistem-transportasi.html" target="_blank">Sistem Transportasi</a></div>
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Nah, agar presentasi kalian menarik juga silahkan kalian klin judul di bawah ini untuk memilih animasi - animasi bergerak gratis untuk presentasi kalian. <b>Ada banyak kumpulan animasi mulai dari animasi mamalia, aves, reptil, amphibi, pisces, insecta, dan muasih buaaanyak lagi ^_^</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/search/label/Animasi" target="_blank">KUMPULAN ANIMASI BERGERAK GRATIS</a></span><br />
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Saya sarankan kesini juga gan, supaya maksimal membuka animasinya. Gak baca nyesel loh. Aplikasinya ajaib banget </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/08/satu-software-kecil-dan-ringan-namun.html" target="_blank">Satu Software Kecil dan RIngan namun Multifungsi (Membuka Semua Format Gambar, Video, Game Flash, dll)</a></span></b></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-12667909833467703142013-08-03T19:50:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:36:49.459+07:00Cara Menambahkan Karakter, Musik, dan Stage pada Game Mugen<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Oke kawan, postingan ini adalah lanjutan dari post saya sebelumnya tentang screenpack mugen, kali ini saya akan membahas tentang cara penggunaannya. Namun sebelum itu pastikan kalian sudah membaca post sebelumnya yaitu <a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/08/screenpack-mugen-terbaik-slot-char.html" target="_blank">ScreenPack Mugen Terbaik (slot karakter banyak, ringan dan cepat)</a> untuk mengetahui apa itu mugen, screenpack dan mendownload screenpacknya dan karakter mugen. untuk karakter mugen silahkan menuju <a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/search/label/Mugen" target="_blank">kesini.</a></div>
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Nah jika kalian sudah memiliki keduanya, coba kalian perhatikan gambar di bawah ini...</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HrCn8s0hE88/Ufzzr6aaSHI/AAAAAAAAGss/p_O6gZEUhYk/s1600/sc2+(FILEminimizer).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="screen pack mugen" border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HrCn8s0hE88/Ufzzr6aaSHI/AAAAAAAAGss/p_O6gZEUhYk/s1600/sc2+(FILEminimizer).jpg" height="240" title="Cara Menambahkan Karakter, Musik, dan Stage pada Game Mugen" width="320" /></a></div>
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ini adalah screenshot mugen saya, kalian dapat melihat ada banyak sekali karakter dan uniknya tidak hanya terdiri dari satu anime, seperti adanya naruto, dragonball, bahkan karakter dari marvel seperti spiderman juga ada. hehe</div>
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Nah, cara penggunaanya, pertama kalian buka foldernya maka akan terlihat seperti gambar dibawah ini:</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ieVjC1ZsFuU/UfzzqfKmofI/AAAAAAAAGsc/5zAkoMvZZko/s1600/SC+MUgen+(FILEminimizer).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="cara memainkan mugen" border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ieVjC1ZsFuU/UfzzqfKmofI/AAAAAAAAGsc/5zAkoMvZZko/s1600/SC+MUgen+(FILEminimizer).jpg" height="225" title="Cara Menambahkan Karakter, Musik, dan Stage pada Game Mugen" width="320" /></a></div>
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Perhatikan, yang saya beri tanda panah adalah icon untuk anda memainkan game ini, dan folder yg saya beri kotak merah adalah folder yg akan kita bahas pada tutorial kali ini. Selain folder ini sebenarnya ada folder stage dan music. <i>Jika kalian memiliki mp3 bagus dan ingin musik itu yg akan melatarbelakangi game anda, silahkan copy lagunya ke folder music, jika anda memiliki stage yg bagus juga sama saja. silahkan kalian copy ke folder stage. saya sendiri memasukan stage dari arena-arena naruto, dragonball, gundam, dan mario bross. wkwk</i></blockquote>
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yupz kembali ke penjelasan penambahan karakter, silahkan kalian copy char yg ingin kalian tambahkan ke folder char yg saya beri kotak merah. lihat folder char saya yg sudah saya tambahkan banyak char dibawah ini:</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zDK1Kc_Allg/Ufzzq7ymHFI/AAAAAAAAGsk/Q0_sZNkC1Nk/s1600/char+(FILEminimizer).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="folder char" border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zDK1Kc_Allg/Ufzzq7ymHFI/AAAAAAAAGsk/Q0_sZNkC1Nk/s1600/char+(FILEminimizer).jpg" height="277" title="Cara Menambahkan Karakter, Musik, dan Stage pada Game Mugen" width="320" /></a></div>
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langkah selanjutnya, lihat nama<i> char</i> yg akan kalian tambahkan sesuai nama foldernya lalu kalian copy. lebih jelasnya lihat digambar atas yg saya beri kotak merah. silahkan kalian salin namanya ke file select. lebih jelasnya, setelah dari <i>folder char,</i> sekarang silahkan kalian masuk ke folder data. Lebih jelasnya lihat gambar di bawah ini:</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ek_M-56knVk/Ufz0Zo1zyHI/AAAAAAAAGtE/-V2kQmKtb6E/s1600/data.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="folder data" border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ek_M-56knVk/Ufz0Zo1zyHI/AAAAAAAAGtE/-V2kQmKtb6E/s1600/data.png" height="273" title="Cara Menambahkan Karakter, Musik, dan Stage pada Game Mugen" width="320" /></a></div>
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Dalam folder data, buka file notepad yg bernama <i>select.def</i></div>
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nantinya akan ada tempat nama - nama char yg mau kalian tambahkan pada screenpack ini. lebih jelasnya liat gambar di bawah ini:</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B2tQAT4bmhA/UfzzsKkTDcI/AAAAAAAAGsw/fW8Y2Nw6jlg/s1600/select+(FILEminimizer).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="tempat copy char" border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B2tQAT4bmhA/UfzzsKkTDcI/AAAAAAAAGsw/fW8Y2Nw6jlg/s1600/select+(FILEminimizer).png" height="238" title="Cara Menambahkan Karakter, Musik, dan Stage pada Game Mugen" width="320" /></a></div>
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Save filenya, Mugen kalian siap dimainkan. <b>Enjoy</b>Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-51733750362039032992013-08-03T06:00:00.003+07:002021-10-28T19:36:59.321+07:00ScreenPack Mugen Terbaik (Slot Char banyak, Ringan dan cepat)Yupz, karena dari kemarin postingan disini selalu materi. Kali ini sepertinya sudah saatnya refreshing. Saya mau bagi2 screenpack mugen. ya, siapa yg tidak tau mugen. Game yg bisa dimainkan hanya dengan komputer biasa namun pemainnya selau<i> up to date</i> dengan segala jurusnya yg hebat menjadi salah satu game yg sangat banyak digemari. Ini disebabkan modifikasi dari game ini masih cukup mudah, kita bisa membuat karakternya sendiri, stage, dan menambah musik sesuka kita. Sebut saja game mugen naruto. Jika sekarang di anime ini sudah ada <b>sage kabuto</b> yg hebat di manganya, meskipun pada animenya belum dimunculkan, bahkan di <b>game ps3</b> sendiri belum sempat dirilis yg dapat memainkan karakter ini, tapi di mugen semua itu sudah ada. <b>Bahkan Obito yg bergabung dengan zetsu spiral juga ada. hehe</b><br />
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Nah salah satu fasilitas dalam game ini adalah screen pack, screenpack ini berfungsi sebagai emulator dari game ini. Biasanya para pemain game mugen selalu mendambakan screenpack yg memiliki slot karakter ribuan sehingga mereka bisa memasukkan char yg banyak pula. Salah satu kelebihan game ini juga dapat mencampur adukan char-char dari berbagai anime loh. Salah satunya seperti yg saya miliki, saya mencampur adukan isinya dengan <b>char-char dari naruto, dragonball, marvel, dll</b>. Ya, semua dapat dilakukan sesuka kita. hehe<br />
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Namun tahukan sobat mugen, kalau semakin banyak char yg kita masukkan maka akan semakin berat game ini berjalan, dan semakin lama pula loading game ini ketika memulai. Mungkin hal ini tidak menjadi masalah bagi pemilik komputer dengan spec tinggi. Namun bagi pemilik komputer standar seperti saya, ini menjadi suatu hal yg sangat menjengkelkan.</blockquote>
<b>Tapi semua itu sudah tidak lagi menjadi masalah setelah saya menemukan screenpack ini, karena walaupun char yg saya masukkan ada banyak, tapi tidak membuat game ini menjadi berat. Loading saat memulai game ini juga sangat cepat. Layarnya pun otomatis fullscreen tanpa perlu settingan tambahan. Dibandingkan screenpack mugen lainnya, menurut saya ini yg terbaik.</b><br />
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selain itu, slot karakternya juga sangat banyak, biasanya saya selalu mendownload char di situs mugen character. Disana ada ribuan char yg bisa kita download gratis. Karena itu saya dulu rajin mendownloadnya karna penasaran. Namun saya tidak bisa menikmatinya karna slot karakter yg terbatas juga game yg menjadi berat. Tapi semua itu sekarang sudah bisa diatasi oleh screenpack ini.<br />
bagaimana? mau nyoba?<br />
oke coba liat dulu screen shootnya gan<br />
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<a href="http://files.indowebster.com/hd_mugen_xtrem_v1beta.html" target="_blank">Download</a><br />
pasword: aghrywiranata.blogspot.com</div>
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Bagi yang mau download char mugen, silahkan<a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/search/label/Mugen" target="_blank"> kesini</a></div>
Bagi yang belum tau cara memainkan emulator ini juga belum bisa menambahkan char silahkan <a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/08/cara-menambahkan-karakter-musik-dan.html" target="_blank">kesini</a><br />
saya sarankan kalian baca dulu tutorialnya karna screenpack mugen ini sedikit berbeda.Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-76417337163517388582013-08-02T00:40:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:37:10.040+07:00Makalah MikorizaSudah tau belum tentang fungi yang satu ini?<br />
ya, selain lichen atau jamur yang bersimbiosis dengan alga yang baru kemarin kita bahas, sekarang saya mau membahas tentang mikoriza. bedanya dengan lichen, <i>mikoriza bersimbiosis dengan akar.</i><br />
Simbiosis ini bersifat mutualisme loh, lebih jelasnya baca dulu deh sampe bawah. Eeiitss, biar tahu wujud mikoriza gimana, coba gan liat video ini dulu ya...<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwup2gDGorVdXzzzbdIV7mZ-iTt5XnzvC5ImcxiOFrrcTRs25HnLQIaAiVhuQj_Eltp-R2vKGa7jGzkUYgu' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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Mikoriza adalah kelompok fungi (jamur) yang bersimbiosis dengan tumbuhan tingkat tinggi (tumbuhan berpembuluh, Tracheophyta), khususnya pada sistem perakaran.</blockquote>
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Pada tanggal 17 April 1885, Frank seorang botanist mengartikan mikoriza sebagai root fungus (jamur akar).<br />
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<b>Ciri-ciri mikoriza:</b></div>
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<li>Merupakan simbiosis mutualisme.</li>
<li>Adanya selaput hifa (mantel) yang berfungsi sebagai barrier masuknya patogen.</li>
<li>Dapat membantu tanaman menyerap unsur hara.</li>
<li>Menetralisasi bahan organik.</li>
<li>Reproduksi dengan cara seksual dan aseksual.</li>
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<b>Habitat:</b></div>
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Mikoriza dikenal dengan jamur tanah karena habitatnya berada di dalam tanah dan berada di area perakaran tanaman (rizosfer). </div>
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contoh gambar anatomi mikoriza (boleh minta sama dosen, hehe)</div>
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<b>Klasifikasi Mikoriza:</b></div>
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Sistem Klasifikasi Mikoriza sampai saat ini telah mengalami 4 tahapan perkembangan sifikasi tersebut adalah:</div>
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<b>1. Sistem Klasifikasi Mikoriza tahap pertama yang mengelompokkan Mikoriza dalam 2 (dua) kelompok, yaitu: </b></div>
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<li>Ekto-Mikoriza (Ectomycorrhizal) </li>
<li>dan Endo-Mikoriza (Endomycorrhizal)</li>
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<b>2. Sistem Klasifikasi Mikoriza tahapan kedua, yang mengelompokkan Mikoriza dalam 3 (tiga) kelompok, yaitu:</b></div>
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Ekto-Mikoriza (Ectomycorrhizal),</div>
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Endo-Mikoriza (Endomycorrhizal), </div>
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dan Ektendo-Mikoriza (Ectendomycorrhizal). </div>
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<b>3. Sistem Klasifikasi Mikoriza tahapan ketiga, yang mengelompokkan Mikoriza dalam 5 (lima) kelompok, yaitu:</b></div>
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<li>Ekto-Mikoriza (Ectomycorrhizal),</li>
<li>Endo-Mikoriza (Endomycorrhizal),</li>
<li>Ektendo-Mikoriza (Ectendomycorrhizal),</li>
<li>Ericaceous Mikoriza, </li>
<li>dan Orchidaceous Mikoriza</li>
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<b>4. Sistem Klasifikasi Mikoriza tahapan keempat, yang mengelompokkan Mikoriza dalam 7 (tujuh) kelompok, yaitu:</b></div>
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<li>Ekto-Mikoriza (Ectomycorrhizal),</li>
<li>Endo-Mikoriza (Endomycorrhizal),</li>
<li>Ektendo-Mikoriza (Ectendomycorrhizal),</li>
<li>Ericaceous Mikoriza,</li>
<li>Orchidaceous Mikoriza,</li>
<li>Arbutaceous Mikoriza, </li>
<li>dan Monotropaceous Mikoriza.</li>
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Jadi secara garis besarnya atau secara umum yang biasa dibahas, mikoriza dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu:<br /></div>
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<b>1. ENDOMIKORIZA</b></div>
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Endomokoriza mempunyai sifat-sifat antar lain:</div>
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<li>Akar yang kena infeksi tidak membesar, </li>
<li>Lapisan hifa pada permukaan akar tipis, </li>
<li>Hifa masuk ke dalam individu sel jaringan koretks, </li>
<li>Adanya bentukan khusus yang berbentuk oval yang disebut vasiculae (vesikel) </li>
<li>Dan sistem percabangan hifa yang dichotomous disebut arbuscules (arbuskul)</li>
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<b>2. EKTOMIKORIZA</b></div>
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Ektomikoriza mempunyai sifat antara lain :</div>
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<li>Ektomikoriza menginfeksi diantara dinding sel korteks dan membentuk cover yang menyelimuti akar, atau mantel, atau hifa yang menutupi seluruh akar. </li>
<li>Ektomikoriza merupakan jamur yang pendek, bercabang dua, dan terkadang seperti tandan yang rapat. </li>
<li>Kebanyakan jamur ektomikoriza memproduksi mushrooms (badan buah), dan dapat dikelola di media biakan dalam laboratorium. </li>
<li>Akar yang kena infeksi membesar, bercabang, rambut-rambut akar tidak ada, hifa menjorok ke luar dan berfungsi sebagi alat yang efektif dalam menyerap unsur hara dan air.</li>
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<b>3. EKTENDOMIKORIZA</b></div>
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Ektendomikoriza merupakan bentuk antara kedua mikoriza yang lain. Ciri - cirinya antara lain:</div>
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<li>Adanya selubung akar yang tipis berupa jaringan hartiq, </li>
<li>Hifa dapat menginfeksi dinding sel korteks dan juga sel-sel korteknya. </li>
<li>Penyebarannya terbatas dalam tanah-tanah hutan sehingga pengetahuan tentang mikoiza tipe ini sangat terbatas.</li>
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PERBEDAAN ENDOMIKORIZA DAN EKTENDOMIKORIZA</div>
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Pengertian dari Klasifikasi lainnya:</div>
<div>
<div>
<b>Ericaceous Mikoriza,</b></div>
<div>
<div>
Ericaceous Mikoriza ciri – cirinya: </div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Sel dalam korteks dibungkus dengan hifa jamur. </li>
<li>Sebuah benang hifa yang longgar tumbuh di atas permukaan akar, tetapi mantel sejati tidak terbentuk. </li>
<li>Ericaceous Mikoriza ditemukan pada tanaman seperti Calluna (heather), Rhododendron (azalea dan rhododendron) dan Vaccinium (blueberry) yang memiliki sistem akar yang sangat halus dan biasanya tumbuh di asam, tanah bergambut. </li>
<li>Jamur yang terlibat adalah ascomycetes dari Hymenoscyphus genus.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<b>Arbutaceous Mikoriza,</b></div>
<div>
<div>
Arbutaceous Mikoriza Karakteristik dari kedua EktoMikoriza dan Endomikoriza ditemukan yaitu: </div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Penetrasi intraseluler dapat terjadi, </li>
<li>Suatu bentuk mantel, dan jaring hartiq hadir. </li>
<li>Asosiasi ini ditemukan di arbutus (misalnya, pacific madrone), arctostaphylos (misalnya, bearberry), dan beberapa jenis pyrolaceae tersebut. </li>
<li>Jamur yang terlibat dalam asosiasi adalah basidiomycetes.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<b>Orchidaceous Mikoriza,</b></div>
<div>
<div>
Orchidaceous Mikoriza ciri-cirinya yaitu:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Jamur mikoriza memiliki peran unik dalam siklus hidup tanaman di Orchidaceae ini. Anggrek biasanya memiliki biji yang sangat kecil dengan cadangan nutrisi sedikit. Tanaman diinfeksi setelah perkecambahan, dan jamur mikoriza menyediakan karbon dan vitamin untuk perkembangan embrio. </li>
<li>Untuk spesies achlorophyllous, tanaman tergantung pada jamur untuk memasok karbon sepanjang hidupnya. </li>
<li>Jamur tumbuh ke dalam sel tumbuhan, dan membentuk kumparan hifa dalam sel. </li>
<li>Jamur yang berpartisipasi dalam simbiosis adalah Basidiomycetes, mirip dengan mereka yang terlibat dalam pembusukan kayu (misalnya, Coriolus, Fomes, Marasmius) dan patogenesis (misalnya, Armillaria dan Rhizoctonia). </li>
<li>Dalam anggrek dewasa, mikoriza juga memiliki peran dalam penyerapan unsur hara.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>Monotropaceous Mikoriza.</b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
Monotropaceous Mikoriza mempunyai ciri – ciri yaitu:</div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Jamur menginfeksi tanaman achlorophyllous (kurang klorofil) dan tanaman monotropaceae. </li>
<li>Menghasilkan hartig dan mantel.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Reproduksi Mikoriza</b></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mikoriza dapat bereproduksi secara :</div>
<div>
1. aseksual → spora yg dihasilkan oleh sporangium </div>
<div>
2. seksual → konjungsi</div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Reprodusi Mikoriza<br /><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mikoriza melakukan reproduksi secara aseksual dan seksual. Reproduksi aseksual terjadi dengan fragmentasi miselium atau spora aseksual (spora vegetatif), yang dihasilkan oleh sporangium. Sedangkan reproduksi seksual dengan perkawinan antara hifa yang berbeda jenis, disebut hifa (+) dan hifa (-) menghasilkan zigospora. Zigospora merupakan spora seksual (spora generative), yaitu spora yang dihasilkan oleh reproduksi seksual. </blockquote>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tahap-tahapan proses reproduksi aseksual pada Mikoriza adalah:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Beberapa hifa akan tumbuh ke atas dengan ujung yang menggembung membentuk sporangium.</li>
<li>Sporangium yang masak berwarna hitam, jika sudah masak sporangium akan pecah dan spora tersebar.</li>
<li>Jika berada di lingkungan sesuai, spora akan tumbuh menjadi miselium baru.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tahap-tahapan proses reproduksi seksual pada Mikoriza adalah:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Hifa dari jenis yang berbeda (+) dan (-) saling berdekatan</li>
<li>Hifa (+) dan hifa (-) tersebut membentuk cabang hifa yang disebut gametangium (jamak: gametangia). Kedua gametangia mengandung banyak inti haploid (n).</li>
<li></li>
<li>Dinding kedua gametangium kemudian pecah sehingga terjadi penyatuan plasma sel (plasmogami). Inti haploid hifa (+) bergabung dengan inti haploid hifa (-) membentuk zigospora yang membelah secara meiosis. </li>
<li>Zigospora akan berkecambah dan akan membentuk cendawan muda.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>SIKLUS HIDUP</b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
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</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<b>Terjadinya infeksi mikoriza pada akar tanaman</b></div>
<div>
melalui beberapa tahap, yakni :</div>
<div>
1. Pra infeksi. Spora dari mikoriza berkecambah</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> membentuk appressoria.</div>
<div>
2. Infeksi. Dengan alat apressoria melakukan</div>
<div>
penetrasi pada akar tanaman.</div>
<div>
3. Pasca infeksi. Setelah penetrasi pada akar,</div>
<div>
maka hifa tumbuh secara interselluler, </div>
<div>
<div>
4. Perluasan infeksi cendawan mikoriza dalam akar</div>
<div>
terdapat tiga fase:</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>a. Fase awal dimana saat infeksi primer.</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>b. Fase exponential, dimana penyebaran, dan pertumbuhannya dalam akar lebih cepat .</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>c. Fase setelah dimana pertumbuhan akar dan mikoriza sama.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
5. Setelah terjadi infeksi primer atau fase awal,</div>
<div>
pertumbuhan hifa keluar dari akar dan di dalam</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> rhizosfer tanah</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b>FAKTOR PERTUMBUHAN MIKORIZA</b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Kadar air tanah</li>
<li>pH tanah</li>
<li>Suhu</li>
<li>Bahan organik</li>
<li>Cahaya dan ketersediaan hara</li>
<li>Logam berat dan unsur lain</li>
<li>Fungisida</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<b>MANFAAT MIKORIZA</b></div>
<div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Ektomikoriza</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li> Peningkatan unsur hara</li>
<li> Ketahanan terhadap kekeringan</li>
<li> Ketahanan serangan patogen tanah</li>
<li> Berpotensi untuk pembangunan hutan</li>
<li> industri</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
Endomikoriza</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman</li>
<li>Meningkatkan produktivitas</li>
<li>Mengurangi kebutuhan pemupukan fosfat</li>
<li>Memproduksi bunga lebih awal</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>*Sekian*</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Terima Kasih</b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-55573374253565706872013-07-30T16:15:00.002+07:002021-10-28T19:37:20.015+07:00Sistem Saraf Amphibi LENGKAP<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Try Nur
Hidayati.Pendidikan Biologi UHAMKA 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:\Users\aghry\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">SISTEM SARAF
AMPHIBIA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
saraf pada Amphibi dibedakan menjadi sistem saraf pusat dan sistem saraf tepi.
Sistem saraf pusat meliputi otak (ensefalon) dan sumsum tulang belakang (Medula
spinalis).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada amphibi, Otak dan sumsum tulang belakang dilindungi oleh tengkorak dan
ruas-ruas tulang belakang juga dibungkus oleh 2 lapisan selaput yaitu <b>durameter</b>
yang berbatasan dengan tulang dan <b>pipiamater</b> yang batasan dengan
jaringan saraf. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Di antara dua lapisan tersebut terdapat <b>spatium subdurale</b>, dan
</span></div>
<a name='more'></a>terdapat cairan cerebrospinalis. Bila membran ini terkena infeksi maka akan
terjadi radang yang disebut meningitis. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">stem saraf
amphibi terdiri dari otak. Pada amphibi, otak tengah sebagai pusat penglihatan
berkembang lebih baik sehingga amphibi memiliki penglihatan yang baik.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Walaupun otak dan sumsum tulang belakang
mempunyai materi sama tetapi susunannya berbeda. Pada otak, materi kelabu
terletak di bagian luar atau kulitnya (korteks) dan bagian putih terletak di
tengah. Pada sumsum tulang belakang bagian tengah berupa materi kelabu
berbentuk kupu-kupu, sedangkan bagian korteks berupa materi putih.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar</span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem Saraf A</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">mphibi</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Otak (ensefalon)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak merupakan
pusat koordinasi dalam tubuh, yang terletak didalam tulang tengkorak dan
diselubungi oleh jaringan, berupa jaringan meninges.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak terbagi atas lima
bagian dan serebellum merupakan bagian yang terkecil. Ada 10 saraf kranial.
Tiga saraf pertama membentuk <b>pleksus brakeal</b>. Saraf ke-7, ke-8, dan ke-9
membentuk <b>pleksus iskiadikus</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Otak mempunyai lima bagian utama, yaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lobus olfaktorius<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lobus olfaktorius
pada amphibi memiliki trunckus bulbus olfaktorius. Lobus ini tidak terlalu
berkembang. Oleh karenanya berbentuk relative kecil dan merupakan penonjolan
dari bagian yang disebut hemisperium serebri. Kurang berkembangnya lobus
olfaktorius yang berperan sebagai pusat pembau pada amphibi, berhubungan dengan
cara hidupnya yang tidak terlalu banyak membutuhkan peran dari lobus
olfaktorius sebagai pusat pembau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iZG27VOZQrs/UfeCBX5uuXI/AAAAAAAAGqE/tDmQrPgXMjQ/s1600/otak+2+%2528FILEminimizer%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iZG27VOZQrs/UfeCBX5uuXI/AAAAAAAAGqE/tDmQrPgXMjQ/s1600/otak+2+%2528FILEminimizer%2529.png" height="127" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak besar (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">erebrum)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak besar
merupakan sumber dari semua kegiatan atau gerakan sadar atau sesuai dengan
kehendak, walaupun ada juga beberapa gerakan refleks otak. Pada bagian korteks
serebrum yang berwarna kelabu terdapat bagian penerima rangsang (area sensor)
yang terletak di sebelah belakang area motor yang berfungsi mengatur gerakan sadar
atau merespon rangsangan. Selain itu terdapat area asosiasi yang menghubungkan
area motor dan sensorik<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Serebrum pada
amphibi terdiri atas sepasang hemispermiun serebri. Pada serebrum memungkinkan
terjadinya aktivitas-aktivitas yang kompleks, misalnya pembiakan dan
macam-macam gerak.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak tengah (mesen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">ph</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">alon)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak tengah
terletak di depan otak kecil. Di depan otak tengah terdapat talamus dan
kelenjar hipofisis. Thalamus amphibi terletak di bagian dorsal otak dan
merupakan jembatan antara serebrum dan mesenshefalon. Sedangkan kelenjar
hipofisis terletak pada bagian ventral otak yang berfungsi mengatur kerja
kelenjar-kelenjar endokrin. Oleh karenanya dikatakan sebagi Master of Glands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada bagian
atas (dorsal) otak tengah juga terdapat lobus optikus dan sepasang nervus
optikus yang saling bersilangan. Pertemuan atau persilangan antara dua nervus
optikus disebut sebagai chiasma. Lobus ini merupakan pusat penglihat, karena
semua nervus optikus bermuara pada lobus ini. Lobus ini juga berfungsi mengatur
refleks mata seperti penyempitan pupil mata, dan juga merupakan pusat
pendengaran. Lobus optikus pada amphibi lebih berkembang daripada lobus
olfaktorius. Hal ini karena amphibi, contohnya katak merupakan hewan Nokturnal.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Selain itu,
pada bagian dorsal otak tengah juga terdapat kelenjar epifisis. Kelenjar ini
disebut juga Badan pineal yang berfungsi ketika terjadi pembentukan pigmen pada
permukaan tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-background-themecolor: background1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada bagian
ventral, selain terdapat kelenjar hipofisis juga terdapat kelenjar hypothalamus
dan infundibulum. Pada kelenjar hypothalamus terdapat sel-sel neurosekretori
(sel saraf yang menghasilkan secret). Secret dari sel ini berupa neurohormon
yang berfungsi untuk mempercepat penyampaian impuls dari sinapsis yang satu ke
sinapsis yang lain. Sedangkan infundibulum, merupakan tangkai dari hipofisis
yang berfungsi menghubungkan hipofisis dengan hypothalamus.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">d.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Otak Kecil (Serebelum)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Serebelum
mempunyai fungsi utama dalam koordinasi gerakan otot yang terjadi secara sadar,
keseimbangan, dan posisi tubuh. Bila ada rangsangan yang merugikan atau
berbahaya maka gerakan sadar yang normal tidak mungkin dilaksanakan. Serebelum
pada amphibi mereduksi, karena aktifitas otot relative berkurang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">e.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sumsum lanjutan (medulla oblongata)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sumsum
lanjutan berfungsi menghantar impuls yang datang dari medula spinalis menuju ke
otak. Sumsum lanjutan juga mempengaruhi refleks fisiologi seperti detak jantung
(pusat pengatur percepatan dan penghambat denyut jantung) , tekanan darah
(pusat pengaturan penyempitan dan pelebaran pembuluh darah), volume dan
kecepatan respirasi, gerak alat pencernaan, dan sekresi kelenjar pencernaan. Selain
itu, sumsum lanjutan juga mengatur gerak refleks yang lain</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Sumsum
tulang belakang (medulla spinalis)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Medulla
spinalis merupakan lanjutan dari medulla oblongata yang masuk ke dalam kanalis
vertebralis. Pada amphibi, medulla spinalis mengalami pembesaran di bagian
servikalis. Medulla spinalis berfungsi menghantarkan impuls sensori dari saraf
perifer ke otak dan menyampaikan impuls motoris dari otak ke saraf perifer.
Selain itu juga merupakan pusat dari refleks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada penampang
melintang sumsum tulang belakang tampak bagian luar berwarna putih, sedangkan
bagian dalam berbentuk kupu-kupu dan berwarna kelabu.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span lang="EN-US">Pada bagian putih terdapat serabut saraf asosiasi.
Kumpulan serabut saraf membentuk saraf (urat saraf). Urat saraf yang membawa
impuls ke otak merupakan saluran asenden dan yang membawa impuls yang berupa
perintah dari otak merupakan saluran desenden.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada penampang
melintang sumsum tulang belakang ada bagian seperti sayap yang terbagi atas
sayap atas disebut tanduk dorsal dan sayap bawah disebut tanduk ventral.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-68609667470016743792013-07-30T15:44:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:37:29.801+07:00Makalah SISTEM SARAF<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Try Nur
Hidayati.Pendidikan Biologi UHAMKA 2011<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:\Users\aghry\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PENGERTIAN
SISTEM SARAF<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
saraf adalah sistem yang mengatur
dan mengendalikan semua kegiatan
aktivitas tubuh kita seperti berjalan,
menggerakkan tangan, mengunyah makanan dan lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
ini juga disebut
sebagai sistem saraf atau sistem pengatur tubuh. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem
Saraf tersusun dari jutaan
serabut sel saraf (neuron) yang berkumpul membentuk suatu berkas (faskulum).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel saraf memiliki dua sifat utama yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel saraf
mudah dirangsang dan mampu</span></div>
<a name='more'></a> merespons setiap stimulus. Stimulus atau rangsangan
adalah perubahan-perubahan di lingkungan yang dapat dideteksi oleh indra. <o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel saraf mampu
menghantarkan sebuah pesan, yaitu berupa impuls–impuls saraf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem saraf
punya 3 fungsi utama yaitu : </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menerima
rangsangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memproses
informasi yg diterima.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Memberi respon
terhadap rangsangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ada dua kelas utama sel pada sistem saraf
yaitu Neuron ( sel saraf ) dan Sel penunjang.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Neuron (sel saraf)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merupakan sinyal disepanjang jalur
sistem saraf, merupakan satuan dasar sistem saraf. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Neuron terbagi 2 : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Badan sel saraf<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Merupakan
bagian yang paling besar dari sel saraf. Berfungsi untuk menerima rangsangan
dari dendrit dan meneruskannya ke akson. Pada badan sel saraf terdapat inti
sel, sitoplasma, mitokondria, sentrosom, lisosom, badan golgi dan badan nisel.
Badan nisel adalah kumpulan retikulum endoplasma tempat transportasi sintesis
protein.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tonjolan ( prosesus )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 34.85pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sambungan
mirip serat yang panjang dari badan sel, dan inilah yang memungkinkan neuron
dapat menghantarkan sinyal melewati jarak yang jauh. Ada tiga jenis tonjolan
neuron yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dendrit :
Tonjolan bercabang <b>pendek</b> yang menghantarkan rangsang (impuls) dari luar
sel saraf menuju ke badan sel saraf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Serabut saraf
akson (=neurit) : Tonjolan panjang yang menghantarkan rangsang (impuls) dari
badan sel saraf menuju ke luar badan sel saraf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Persambungan
(sinapsis) : Tempat pertemuan ujung akson sel saraf dengan ujung dendrit sel
saraf lainnya, sehingga merupakan tempat perpindahan impuls menuju sel saraf
lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Juih07TUZDE/Ufd7kgwPvjI/AAAAAAAAGpc/O2OvA7dTkOo/s1600/sel+saraf+(FILEminimizer).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Juih07TUZDE/Ufd7kgwPvjI/AAAAAAAAGpc/O2OvA7dTkOo/s1600/sel+saraf+(FILEminimizer).jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Sel Saraf</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel Penunjang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Menyediakan dukungan struktural,
perlindungan, dan bantuan untuk neuron. Terdapat lebih banyak dari neuron.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel Schwann<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel penunjang
yang tersusun seperti rantai di sepanjang akson. Sel schwann bersama-sama
melapisi akson dengan lapisan insulator yang disebut <b>selubung mielin</b>.
Fungsinya : Memberi nutrisi dan membantu regenerasi akson.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Nodus Ranvier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Celah kecil
pada selubung mielin yang berada di antara serangkaian susunan sel Schwann di
sepanjang akson. Fungsinya mempercepat jalannya impuls, tempat akson mendapat
oksigen.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Terdapat 3 (tiga) jenis sel saraf berdasarkan
fungsi yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel Saraf Sensorik (aferen)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yaitu neuron yang berfungsi untuk
menghantarka impuls dari reseptor ke system saraf pusat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel Saraf Motorik (eferen)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yaitu neuron yang berfungsi untuk
menghantarka impuls dari system saraf pusat ke efektor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">c)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sel Saraf Penghubung (Asosiasi/interneuron)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Yaitu neuron yang menghubungkan
saraf sensorik dengan saraf motorik di dalam system saraf pusat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zE9T3kKXgcQ/Ufd7iqjBQCI/AAAAAAAAGpQ/wNTCtT2Cg3g/s1600/neuran+berdasarkan+fungsi+%2528FILEminimizer%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zE9T3kKXgcQ/Ufd7iqjBQCI/AAAAAAAAGpQ/wNTCtT2Cg3g/s1600/neuran+berdasarkan+fungsi+%2528FILEminimizer%2529.jpg" height="152" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Neuron berdasarkan fungsi <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Neuron berdasarkan jumlah uluran di bagi
menjadi :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Neuron bipolar yaitu neuron yang memiliki satu buah akson yang bercabang.<br /><br />Ø Neuron unipolar yaitu neuron yang memiliki satu akson dan satu dendrite.<br /><br />Ø Neuron multipolar yaitu neuron yang memiliki satu akson dan sejumlah dendrite. <br /><br /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S7ffOfzq6oY/Ufd7jUKnGZI/AAAAAAAAGpY/Xk7hh3p_4oA/s1600/neuran+unipolar%252C+bipolard+dan+multipolar+%2528FILEminimizer%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S7ffOfzq6oY/Ufd7jUKnGZI/AAAAAAAAGpY/Xk7hh3p_4oA/s1600/neuran+unipolar%252C+bipolard+dan+multipolar+%2528FILEminimizer%2529.jpg" height="290" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>(a) Neuron unipolar,(b) neuron bipolar,(c) neuron multipolar.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sinaps <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
pelaksanaannya, sel-sel saraf bekerja bersama-sama. Pada saat datang rangsang,
impuls mengalir dari satu sel saraf ke sel saraf penghubung, sampai ke pusat
saraf atau sebaliknya dari pusat saraf ke sel saraf terus ke efektor. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sambungan
antara neuron yang satu dengan neuron yang lain di sebut sinaps.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DD5sLIEWvcs/Ufd7lyjYQnI/AAAAAAAAGpk/lOYQB0-oyOw/s1600/sinaps+(FILEminimizer).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DD5sLIEWvcs/Ufd7lyjYQnI/AAAAAAAAGpk/lOYQB0-oyOw/s1600/sinaps+(FILEminimizer).jpg" height="320" width="233" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Sinaps</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan letak kerjanya Sistem Saraf
terdiri atas 3 bagian yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>I.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem Saraf Pusat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Saraf Otak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sumsum Tulang Belakang <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo10; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.0cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>II.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem Saraf Periferi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span>III.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sistem Saraf Autonom <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-83075381032890449892013-07-30T05:17:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:37:40.594+07:00Solusi Dan Masalah yang Ditimbulkan Protozoa<span style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<span style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Sangat banyak permasalahan yang
ditimbulkan oleh phylum Protozoa ini, terutama bagi manusia. Namun pemakalah
mencoba membatasi dengan membahas dua permasalahan dalam kesehatan manusia yang
disebabkan oleh phylum Protozoa ini yang sering terjadi di Indonesia dan
mencoba mencari solusinya. Antara lain adalah, Malaria dan Disentri.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Malaria<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Defenisi <o:p></o:p></div>
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Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi menular yang
disebabkan oleh parasit dari genus<br />
<a name='more'></a> Plasmodium, yang ditularkan melalui gigitan
nyamuk anopheles dengan gambaran penyakit berupa demam yang sering periodik,
anemia, pembesaran limpa dan berbagai kumpulan gejala oleh karena pengaruhnya
pada beberapa organ misalnya otak, hati dan ginjal.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Plasmodium adalah parasit yang termasuk vilum
Protozoa, kelas sporozoa. Terdapat empat spesies Plasmodium pada manusia yaitu
: Plasmodium vivax menimbulkan malaria vivax (malaria tertiana ringan).
Plasmodium falcifarum menimbulkan malaria falsifarum (malaria tertiana berat),
malaria pernisiosa dan Blackwater faver. Plasmodium malariae menimbulkan
malaria kuartana, dan Plasmodium ovale menimbulkan malaria ovale.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Spesies yang terbanyak dijumpai adalah plasmodium
falsiparum dan vivax. Plasmodium malariae dijumpai di Indonesia bagian timur,
plasmodium ovale pernah ditemukan di irian jaya dan NTT.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Gejala<o:p></o:p></div>
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Gejala dapat berupa perasaan lemas, tidak nafsu makan,
sakit pada tulang dan sendi. Demam tiap hari atau tidak teratur, mungkin sudah
ada. Di daerah non-endemi diagnosis pertama seringkali ialah influenza.
Serangan permulaan atau pertama sangat khas oleh karena adanya serangan demam
intermiten yang berulang – ulang pada waktu berlainan : 48 jam untuk P. vivax,
P. ovale, P falcifarum dan 72 jam untuk P. malariae. Waktu yang sebenarnya pada
berbagai strain P. vivax berbeda – beda dari 43,6 jam sampai 45,1 jam. Serangan
mulai dengan stadium dingin atau rigor yang berlangsung selama kurang lebih
satu jam. Pada waktu itu penderita menggigil, walaupun suhu badannya lebih
tinggi dari normal. Kemudian menyusul stadium panas yang berlangsung lebih lama
dan kulit penderita manjadi kering serta panas, muka menjadi merah, suhu
mencapai 39o – 41oC, nadi cepat dan penuh, kepala pusing, mual, kadang – kadang
muntah, dan pada anak kecil timbul kejang – kejang. Kemudian penderita
berkeringat banyak, suhu badan turun, sakit kepala hilang, dan dalam waktu
beberapa jam penderita menjadi lelah. Serangan demam biasanya berlangsung 8
sampai 12 jam, dan pada infeksi P. falcifarum berlangsung lebih lama.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Infeksi<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
Terjadinya infeksi oleh parasit Plasmodium ke dalam tubuh manusia dapat
terjadi melalui dua cara yaitu :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Secara alami melalui gigitan nyamuk anopheles
betina yang mengandung parasit malaria<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Induksi yaitu jika stadium aseksual dalam
eritrosit masuk ke dalam darah manusia, misalnya melalui transfuse darah,
suntikan, atau pada bayi yang baru lahir melalui plasenta ibu yang terinfeksi
(congenital).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pengobatan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;">
Obat antimalaria dapat dibagi dalam 9 golongan yaitu :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kuinin (Kina)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Mepakrin<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Klorokuin, Amodiakuin<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Proguanil, Klorproguanil<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Primakuin<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pirimetamin<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sulfon Dan Sulfonamide<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kuinolin Methanol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Antibiotic<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tindakan Umum pada penderita malaria berat
(tindakan perawatan di ICU).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pertahankan fungsi vital : sirkulasi, respirasi,
kebutuhan cairan dan nutrisi.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Hindarkan trauma : jatuh dari tempat tidur.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Monitoring : temperatur, nadi, tensi, dan
respirasi tiap ½ jam. Perhatikan timbulnya perdarahan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Monitoring : ukuran dan reaksi pupil, kejang.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Baringkan/posisi tidur sesuai dengan kebutuhan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Cegah hiperpireksi :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tidak pernah memakai botol panas/selimut listrik<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kompres air/air es/akohol<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kipas dengan kipas angin/kertas<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Baju yang tipis/terbuka<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Cairan cukup<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 90.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pemberian cairan : oral, sonde, infus, maksimal
1500 ml.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Cairan masuk diukur jumlah per 24 jam<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Cairan keluar diukur per 24 jam<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kurang cairan akan memperberat fungsi ginjal<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 128.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Kelebihan cairan menyebabkan edema paru<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Diet
: porsi kecil dan sering, cukup kalori, karbohidrat, dan garam.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perhatikan
kebersihan mulut<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Kebersihan
kulit : mandikan tiap hari dan keringkan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perawatan
mata : hindarkan trauma, tutup dengan kain/gas lembab.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Perawatan
anak :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify;">
a. Hati-hati aspirasi, hisap lendir sesering mungkin<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify;">
b. Letakkan posisi kepala sedikit rendah<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify;">
c. Posisi dirubah cukup sering<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 99.25pt; text-align: justify;">
d. Pemberian cairan dan obat harus hati-hati<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Disentri (Amebiasis)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Entamoeba histolytica merupakan salah satu spesies dari
Rhizopoda. Pertama kali ditemukan oleh Losch pada tahun 1875 dari tinja seorang
penderita disentri di Rusia. Schaudinn berhasil membedakannya dengan Entamoeba
coli yan merupakan parasit komersial di dalam usus besar. Pada tahun 1913,
Walker dan Sellards membuktikan bahwa Entamoeba histolytica merupakan penyebab
penyakit koletis amebic (Srisasi Gandahusada, dkk, 2006).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Hospes parasit ini adalah manusia. Penyakit yang menjadi
akibat dari adanya Entamoeba histolitica disebut amebiasis (anonym, 2009).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Amebiasis terdapat di seluruh dunia atau bersifat kosmopolit.
Parasit ini terutama ada di daerah tropic dan daerah beriklim sedang (Srisasi
Gandahusada, dkk, 2003).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Daur hidup E. histolytica sangat sederhana, dimana parasit
ini didalam usus besar akan memperbanyak diri. Dari sebuah kista akan terbentuk
8 tropozoit yang apabila tinja dalam usus besar konsistensinya padat maka,
tropozoit langsung akan terbentuk menjadi kista dan dikeluarkan bersama tinja,
sementara apabila konsistensinya cair maka, pembentukan kista terjadi diluar
tubuh. (Brotowidjoyo,1987).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Gejala<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Bentuk klinis yang
dikenal ada dua, yaitu amebiasis intestinal dan amebiasis ekstra intestinal.
Amebiasis kolon intestinal terdiri dari amebasis kolon akut dan amebasis kolon
menahun. Amebasis kolon akut gejalanya berlangsung kurang dari satu bulan,
biasa disebut disentri ameba memiliki gejala yang jelas berupa sindrom
disentri. Amebasis kolon menahun gejalanya berlangsung lebih dari satu bulan,
disebut juga koletis ulserosa amebic, gejalanya bersifat ringan dan tidak
begitu jelas.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Amebasis ekstra
intestinal terjadi jika amebasis kolon tidak diobati. Dapat terjadi secara
hematogen, melalui aliran darah atau secara langsung. Hematogen terjadi bila
amoeba telah masuk di submukosa porta ke hati dan menimbulkan abses hati,
berisi nanah warna coklat. Cara langsung terjadi bila abses hati tidak diobati
sehingga abses pecah, dan abses yang keluar mengandung ameba yang dapat
menyebar kemana-mana.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Gejala<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Cara mendiagnosa
gangguan yang ditimbulkan oleh Entamoeba histolitica adalah sesuai dengan
gejala atau gangguan yang terjadi, antara lain sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Amebiasis kolon akut, diagnosis ditegakkan bila
terdapat sindrom disentri disertai sakit perut atau mules. Diare lebih dari 10
kali dalam sehari. Dan diagnosis laboratorium ditegakkan dengan menemukan
species ini dalam bentuk histolitika di dalam tinja (S.M. Salendu dan Worou,
1996)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Amebiasis kolon menahun, terdapat gejala ringan
diselingi dengan obstipasi. Jika dalam tinja tidak ditemukan spesies ini,
himbauan agar pemeriksaan tinja dilakukan secara berturut-turut selama tiga
hari dapat juga dengan melihat kelainan di sigmoid<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Amebiasis hati, secara klinis dapat dibuat jika
terdapat gejala berat badan menurun, badan lemah, demam, tidak nafsu makan
disertai pembesaran hati. Pada pemeriksaan radiologi biasanya didapatkan
peninggian diafragma dan pemeriksaan darah ada leukositosis (Srisasi
Gandahusada, 2006).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pengobatan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Obat untuk
gangguan yang disebabakan oleh Entamoeba histolitika antara lain Emetin
hidroklorida, Klorokuin, Antibiotik dan Metronidazol atau Nitroimidazol.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Pencegahan<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
Cara untuk
mencegah agar tidak menderita gangguan yang disebabkan oleh Entamoeba histolitica
antara lain sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tidak makan makanan mentah (sayuran,daging babi,
daging sapi dan daging ikan), buah dan melon dikonsumsi setelah dicuci bersih
dengan air.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Minum air yang sudah dimasak mendidih baru aman.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Menjaga kebersihan diri, sering gunting kuku,
membiasakan cuci tangan menjelang makan atau sesudah buang air besar.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Tidak boleh buang air kecil/besar di sembarang
tempat, tidak menjadikan tinja segar sebagai pupuk; tinja harus dikelola dengan
tangki septik, agar tidak mencemari sumber air.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Di Taman Kanak Kanak dan Sekolah Dasar harus
secara rutin diadakan pemeriksaan parasit, sedini mungkin menemukan anak yang
terinfeksi parasit dan mengobatinya dengan obat cacing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Bila muncul serupa gejala infeksi parasit usus,
segera periksa dan berobat ke rumah sakit.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Meski kebanyakan penderita parasit usus ringan
tidak ada gejala sama sekali, tetapi mereka tetap bisa menularkannya kepada
orang lain, dan telur cacing akan secara sporadik keluar dari tubuh bersama
tinja, hanya diperiksa sekali mungkin tidak ketahuan, maka sebaiknya secara
teratur memeriksa dan mengobatinya.<o:p></o:p></div>
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-7026566281030467662013-07-29T05:57:00.004+07:002020-11-16T15:57:48.764+07:00Simulasi Pembentukan Kromosom ("Bakso Kromosom")<br /><br /><br />
Assalamualaikum sobat pada subuh ini ane mau ngasih simulasi tentang pembentukan kromosom agar lebih mudah dalam memahaminya. Nah dalam memahaminya kita harus tahu nih apa aja penyusunnya. Mudah kok karna hanya ada dua yaitu DNA dan Protein Histon. Biar mudah, kita akan mengaitkannya dengan makanan favorit kita yaitu mie bakso. hehe<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F2ygz1XK9y4/UfWgzhuOgHI/AAAAAAAAGo8/W4Eql8qM7Hg/s1600/Picture1.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://hisham.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/gen-2Bdan-2Bkromosom-400x352.jpg" width="408" /> </div><div style="text-align: center;">Ibarat kan saja kita sedang membuat menu makanan baru yg kita akan beri nama <b>"Bakso Kromosom". hehe</b></div>
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Caranya:<br />
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<ol><br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8l4wwh2Dom8/UfWgygBEtdI/AAAAAAAAGo0/JS9fr_95jB4/s1600/Picture3.jpg" style="clear: right; display: inline; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><br /></a>
<li>Sediakan beberapa buah bakso dan <span style="text-align: center;">mie yg panjang (jangan dimakan! :p) lalu coba anda lilit bakso - bakso itu menjadi satu dengan mie tersebut. Nah Bakso - bakso yang dililit oleh mie ini kita beri nama </span><i style="text-align: center;">Nukleosom</i><span style="text-align: center;">.</span></li>
<li>Sekarang Ulangi langkah yang pertama lagi sehingga terbentuk beberapa Nukleosom dan Pintil ukleosom - Nukleosom itu biar bersatu dan memadat. Kalau sudah jadi kita namakan ini dengan <i>Solenoid.</i></li>
<li>Lalu, ikuti lagi langkah nomor dua sampai terbentuk beberapa solenoid dan pintil lagi sampai jadi kumpulan solenoid. Yg ini kita beri nama <i>Benang Kromatid. </i></li>
<li>Buat lagi benang solenoidnya dan pintal - pintal sampai TEBAL dan PADAT biar rasanya enak dan kenyang dan kita beri nama yg ini dengan <i>lengan kromatid</i>.</li>
<li>Langkah terakhir, buat satu lagi lengan kromatidnya dan tempel dua lengan kromatidnya dengan Saus. Jadi deh Bakso Kromosomnya. hehe</li>
</ol><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://cdn1-production-images-kly.akamaized.net/QMKmEin0asCXUCzOF9oyAQ4yW2w=/0x304:5318x3302/375x208/filters:quality(75):strip_icc():format(jpeg)/kly-media-production/medias/2972376/original/064230700_1574222105-2019-11-19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="208" data-original-width="375" src="https://cdn1-production-images-kly.akamaized.net/QMKmEin0asCXUCzOF9oyAQ4yW2w=/0x304:5318x3302/375x208/filters:quality(75):strip_icc():format(jpeg)/kly-media-production/medias/2972376/original/064230700_1574222105-2019-11-19.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Source: https://cdn1-production-images-kly.akamaized.net/QMKmEin0asCXUCzOF9oyAQ4yW2w=/0x304:5318x3302/375x208/filters:quality(75):strip_icc():format(jpeg)/kly-media-production/medias/2972376/original/064230700_1574222105-2019-11-19.jpg</span></div><br /><div><br /></div></div>
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Maksud bakso dan mie disini kita anggap bakso sebagai <i>protein histon</i> dan mie sebagai <i>untaian DNA. </i>Nah dengan membuatnya menjadi suatu unit-unit yg memadat inilah yg nantinya akan menjadi kromosom. Dan kromosom selalu terdiri dari dua lengan yg disatukan oleh Sentromer yg disini kita ibaratkan sebagai saus. Kalau pada bakso dan mienya yg akan memberikan kita rasa kenyang maka kromosom juga memiliki GEN yg akan memberikan penurunan sifat. Sentromer tidak memiliki GEN.</div>
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<b>Untai DNA</b> dipintal pada suatu protein, yaitu <b>histon</b> menjadi suatu bentukan yang disebut unit <b>nukleosom</b>. Unit-unit nukleosom tersusun padat membentuk benang yang lebih padat dan terpintal menjadi lipatan-lipatan <b>solenoid</b>. Lipatan solenoid tersusun padat menjadi benang <b>kromatin</b>. Benang-benang kromatin tersusun memadat menjadi lengan <b>kromatid</b>. lengan kromatid kembar disebut <b>kromosom</b>.</blockquote>
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Nah gimana kawan mudah bukan, saya berharap ini bisa memudahkan bagi yg belum paham dan menjadi inspirasi bagi guru sebagai metode yg menyenangkan untuk mengajar. Karna biasanya manusia gak akan ngantuk kalau sudah dengar makanan. Syukur - syukur ini juga bisa menginspirasi koki untuk membuat "Bakso Kromosom". Mungkin enak kalau disajikan. hehe<br />
Sudah dulu kawan, sampai ketemu lagi pada materi biologi selanjutnya. "SALAM LESTARI, SALAM KONSERVATIF" </div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-63004264921869936132013-07-25T12:59:00.003+07:002021-10-28T19:37:51.681+07:00Klasifikasi Bakteri Dilihat Dari Beberapa Penggolongan<div style="text-align: start;">
<b><span style="text-align: center;">Klasifikasi Bakteri d</span><span style="text-align: center;">ilihat Dari Beberapa Penggolongan</span></b></div>
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Try Nur Hidayati. Pendidikan Biologi UHAMKA 2011.</div>
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Klasifikasi bakteri dapat dilihat dari beberapa penggolongan. Diantaranya klasifikasi bakteri <i>berdasarkan bentuk tubuh, klasifikasi bakteri berdasarkan flagela, dan terakhir klasifikasi bakteri berdasarkan pewarnaan gram.</i></blockquote>
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Banyak bakteri memiliki struktur di luar sel lainnya seperti <i>flagel dan fimbria</i> yang digunakan untuk <i>bergerak, melekat dan konjugasi</i>. Beberapa bakteri juga memiliki <b>kapsul </b>yang beperan dalam melindungi sel bakteri dari kekeringan dan fagositosis. Struktur kapsul inilah yang sering kali menjadi faktor virulensi penyebab penyakit, seperti yang ditemukan pada <i>Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus pneumoniae.</i></div>
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Bakteri juga memiliki kromosom, ribosom, dan beberapa spesies lainnya memiliki granula makanan, vakuola gas, dan magnetosom. Beberapa bakteri mampu membentuk diri menjadi endospora yang membuat mereka mampu bertahan hidup pada lingkungan ekstrim.</div>
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<i>Clostridium botulinum </i>merupakan salah satu contoh bakteri penghasil endospora yang sangat tahan suhu dan tekanan tinggi, dimana bakteri ini juga termasuk golongan bakteri penyebab keracunan pada makanan kaleng.</div>
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<b>I. Klasifikasi bakteri Berdasarkan bentuk tubuh:</b></div>
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<b>1. Bakteri Kokus (bulat)</b></div>
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<i>a. Monokokus</i></div>
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Berupa sel bakteri kokus tunggal. Contoh : <i>Chlamydia trachomatis (penyebab penyakit mata).</i></blockquote>
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<i>b. Diplokokus</i></div>
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Berupa dua sel bakteri kokus berdempetan. Contoh : <i>Diplococcus pnemoniae (penyebab penyakit pneumonia) , Neisseria gonorhoeae (penyebab penyakit kelamin raja singa).</i></blockquote>
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<i>c. Tetrakokus</i></div>
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Berupa empat sel bakteri kokus berdempetan berbentuk segi empat. Contoh : <i>Pediococcus cerevisiae.</i></blockquote>
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<i>d. Sarkina</i></div>
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Berupa delapan sel bakteri kokus berdempetan berbentuk kubus. Contoh : <i>Thiosarcina rosea</i> (bakteri belerang).</blockquote>
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<i>e. Streptokokus</i></div>
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Berupa lebih dari empat sel bakteri kokus berdempetan membentuk rantai. Contoh : <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (penyebab gigi berlubang).</blockquote>
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<i>f. Stafilokokus</i></div>
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Berupa lebih dari empat sel bakteri kokus berdempetan membentuk seperti buah anggur. Contoh : <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (penyebab penyakit radang paru-paru).</blockquote>
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Gambar : bentuk – bentuk bakteri kokus</div>
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<b>2. Bakteri Basil (batang)</b></div>
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<i>a. Basilus/monobasil</i></div>
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Berupa sel bakteri basil tunggal. Contoh : Eschericcia coli (bakteri usus besar manusia), Propionibacterium acnes (penyebab jerawat).</blockquote>
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<i>b. Diplobasil</i></div>
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Berupa dua sel bakteri basil berdempetan.</blockquote>
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<i>c. Streptobasil</i></div>
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Berupa sel bakteri basil berdempetan membentuk rantai. Contoh : Azotobacter (bakteri tanah yang mengikat nitrogen) , Bacillus anthracis (penyebab penyakit antraks pada hewan ternak).</blockquote>
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<b>Gambar : bentuk – bentuk bakteri basil</b></div>
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<b>3. Bakteri Spirilia</b></div>
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<i>a. Spiral</i></div>
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Bentuk sel bergelombang. Contoh : Thiospirillopsis floridina (bakteri belerang).</blockquote>
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<b>b. Bakteri Vibrio (koma)</b></div>
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Bentuk sel seperti tanda baca koma. Contoh : Vibrio cholera (penyebab penyakit kolera).</blockquote>
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<i>c. Bakteri Spiroseta</i></div>
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Bentuk sel seperti sekrup. Contoh : Treponema pallidum (penyebab penyakit kelamin sifilis).</blockquote>
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Gambar : bentuk – bentuk bakteri </div>
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<b>II. Klasifikasi bakteri berdasarkan kedudukan alat gerak</b> </div>
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<i>1. Monotrik</i></div>
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Monotrik, berflagel satu pada salah satu ujung tubuh bakteri. Contoh : Pseudomonas araginosa.</blockquote>
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<i>2. Amfitrik</i></div>
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Amfitrik, flagel masing-masing satu pada kedua ujung tubuh bakteri. Contoh : Spirillium serpen.</blockquote>
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<i>3. Lofotrik</i></div>
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Lofotrik, berflagel banyak pada salah satu ujung tubuh bakteri. Contoh : Pseudomonas flourencens.</blockquote>
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<i>4. Peritrik</i></div>
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Peritrik, berflagel banyak pada semua sisi tubuh bakteri. Contoh : Salmonella thypii.</blockquote>
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Gambar : Kedudukan alat gerak bakteri</div>
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<b>III. Klasifikasi bakteri berdasarkan pewarnaan Gram</b></div>
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<i>1. Bakteri gram-positif</i></div>
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Bakteri gram-positif memiliki dinding sel yang lebih sederhana, banyak mengandung peptidoglikan. Misalnya bakteri Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus dan Aerococcus.</blockquote>
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<i>2. Bakteri gram-negatif</i></div>
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Bakteri gram-negatif memiliki dinding sel yang lebih kompleks, kandungan peptidoglikan lebih sedikit. Misalnya bakteri Escherichia, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Photobacterium, Chromabacterium, Flavobacterium.</blockquote>
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Gambar : Perbedeaan Warna Bakteri Gram Positif dan Gram Negatif</div>
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Gambar : Perbedaan Dinding Sel Bakteri Gram Positif Dan Gram Negatif</div>
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dari bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gram positif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-left: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 25.9pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gram negatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 88.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 88.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" width="100"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dinding sel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 88.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Homogen dan tebal (20-80 nm) serta sebagian besar tersusun dari
peptidoglikan. Polisakarida lain dan asam teikoat dapat ikut menyusun dinding
sel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 88.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Peptidoglikan (2-7 nm) di antara membran dam dan luar, serta
adanya membran luar (7-8 nm tebalnya) yang terdii dari lipid, protein, dan
lipopolisakarida<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 72.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 72.45pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" width="100"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bentuk sel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 72.45pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulat, batang atau filamen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 72.45pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bulat, oval, batang lurus atau melingkar seperti tanda koma,
heliks atau filamen; beberapa mempunyai selubung atau kapsul<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" width="100"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reproduksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pembelahan biner<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pembelahan biner, kadang-kadang pertunasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" width="100"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Metabolisme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">kemoorganoheterotrof<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Fototrof, kemolitoautotrof, atau kemoorganoheterotrof<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 73.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 73.2pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" width="100"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Motilitas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 73.2pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kebanyakan nonmotil, bila motil tipe flagelanya adalah
petritrikus (petritrichous)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 73.2pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Motil atau nonmotil. Bentuk flagela dapat
bervariasi-polar,lopotrikus (lophtrichous), petritrikus (petritrichous).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" width="100"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Anggota tubuh (apendase)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Biasanya tidak memiliki apendase<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dapat memiliki pili, fimbriae, tangkai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: white; border-top: none; border: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt; width: 74.8pt;" width="100"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Endospora<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beberapa grup dapat membentuk endspora<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #AAAAAA 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.4pt; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-border-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #AAAAAA .75pt; padding: 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt 2.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tidak dapat membentuk endospora<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>IV. Klasifikasi bakteri berdasarkan kebutuhan oksigen</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>1. Bakteri aerob</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Bakteri aerob membutuhkan oksigen bebas untuk mendapatkan energi. Misalnya Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Nitrosococcus.</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>2. Bakteri anaerob</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Bakteri anaerob tidak membutuhkan oksigen bebas untuk mendapatkan energi. Misalnya Micrococcus denitrificans.</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>V. Klasifikasi bakteri berdasarkan cara memperoleh makanan (bahan organik)</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>1. Autotrof</i></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Bakteri yang dapat menyusun makanan sendiri dari bahan-bahan anorganik. Berdasarkan sumber energinya bakteri autotrof dibedakan menjadi :</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ul>
<li>Fotoautotrof (sumber energi dari cahaya)</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Kemoautotrof (sumber energi dari hasil reaksi kimia).</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>2. Heterotrof</i></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Bakteri yang tidak dapat menyusun makanan sendiri. Bakteri ini memanfaatkan bahan organik jadi yang berasal dari organisme lain. Bakteri yang termasuk kedalam bakteri heterotrop adalah bakteri yang bersifat parasit dan saprofit, yaitu bakteri yang mendapat makanan dengan menguraikan sisa-sisa organisme.</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-24357815994057206712013-07-25T05:14:00.004+07:002021-10-28T19:38:27.348+07:00Makalah KATABOLISME<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<h2>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;">KATABOLISME</span></b></h2>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: right;"><br /></div></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 2cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><img alt="*" height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/aghry/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="20" /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pendahuluan<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Proses pembentukan, perubahan, dan penguraian energi pada makhluk hidup
disebut <b>metabolisme</b>. Seluruh
organisme mulai dari alga bersel tunggal hingga mamalia, bergantung pada ratusan
reaksi metabolisme selama hidupnya. Tiap reaksi metabolisme dikendalikan dan
dipengaruhi oleh enzim yang spesifik. Secara umum, metabolisme dibedakan
menjadi dua, yaitu anabolisme (proses penyusunan) dan katabolisme (proses
pembongkaran).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada kesempatan kali ini, saya akan membahas mengenai proses <b>katabolisme</b>. </span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Katabolisme merupakan
reaksi perombakan senyawa yang kompleks menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana.
Contoh katabolisme yaitu respirasi (pernapasan sel). Respirasi adalah proses
perombakan bahan makanan yang akan menghasilkan energi. Respirasi dapat terjadi
dengan menggunakan oksigen bebas (respirasi aerob) atau tanpa oksigen bebas
(respirasi anaerob).</span></blockquote>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Semua sel aktif melakukan respirasi, yaitu menyerap O<sub>2 </sub>dan
melepaskan CO<sub>2</sub>.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pembahasan kali ini akan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">me</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">njelaskan mengenai </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">respirasi aerob</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> terjadi di mitokondria. Proses keseluruhan respirasi
adalah reaksi reduksi-oksidasi, yaitu senyawa dioksidasi menjadi CO<sub>2</sub>
sedangkan O<sub>2</sub> yang diserap direduksi membentuk H<sub>2</sub>O.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Respirasi juga menghasilkan energy yang
tersimpan dalam bentuk ATP.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Respirasi
aerob tersebut terjadi dalam empat tahap, yaitu glikolisis, dekarboksilasi
oksidatif (reaksi antara), siklus krebs, dan transpor electron.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Selanjutnya kami hanya akan
menekankan pembahasan mengenai transpor elektron, penjelasan selengkapnya
adalah sebagai berikut.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 2cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><img alt="*" height="20" src="file:///C:/Users/aghry/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="20" /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Proses </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Katabolisme</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Proses katabolisme
berlangsung di organel <b>Mitokondria</b> (mito = benang, dan chondrion =
granula). Organel ini sering d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">isebut
sebagai <b>the power house of cell</b> karena Berperan sebagai organel
penghasil ATP</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mitokondria mengandung enzim-enzim yang
berguna dalam respirasi seluler</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">. Organel penghasil ATP ini </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">memiliki
membran ganda (membran luar dan membran dalam)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Zat
warna</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> yang
terkandung</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> pada
mitokondria adalah janus green B, yang dikemukakan oleh Michaelis<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Selanjutnya untuk paham mengenai proses katabolisme ini, terlebih dahulu
kita harus memahami proses Reduksi dan Oksidasi atau lebih kita kenal sebagai
<b>reaksi REDOKS.</b> Reaksi ini sedikit sukar, namun inti dari reaksi redoks yang
akan digunakan pada tahap katabolisme ialah mengenai konsep :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Reduksi : penerimaan elektron (alias berkurangnya
proton)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 108.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 108pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Oksidasi : pelepasan elektron
(alias bertambahnya proton)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">contoh
sederhana :<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Na<sub><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">(s)</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>+ Cl<sub><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"> (g)</span></sub></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><sub><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;"> </span></sub></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">——> Na<sup><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">+</span></sup><sub><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">(l)<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></sub>+ Cl<sup><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">-</span></sup><sub><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">(l)<o:p></o:p></span></sub></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Na
menjadi Na<sup>+</sup> : reaksi
oksidasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Cl menjadi Cl<sup>- </sup> :
reaksi reduksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.55pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kita tentunya sudah tahu bahwa tujuan utama pada
proses katabolisme ialah menghasilkan </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ATP</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">,
oleh karenanya kita haruslah mengetahui apa sebenarnya ATP sebelum memasuki
proses katabolisme.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ATP (Adenosin Tri Posfat) merupakan nukleotida
yang terdiri dari adenine, gugus ribose, dan satu satuan triposfat. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ATP dapat
terbentuk melalui dua cara yakni, pertama dengan <i>Fosforilasi Oksidatif</i> dan
<i>Fosforilasi Tingkat Substrat.</i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Fosforilasi
Oksidatif</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> : molekul-molekul organik yang teroksidasi dan energinya dikeluarkan
dari electron dengan cara melewatkannya melalui system transpor electron.
Energy bebas tersebut digunakan untuk memfosforilasi ADP menjadi ATP.
Molekul-molekul organik yang digunakan
adalah NADH dan FADH<sub>2</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Fosforilasi
Tingkat Substrat</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> : terdapat enzim-enzim yang menjadi perantara
terjadinya transfer gugus pospat dari satu molekul organik yang terfosforilasi
ke ADP dan terbentuklah ATP.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
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o:title="1. respirasi-seluler"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Gambar
umum proses katabolisme<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada
proses awal katabolisme, terjadi proses glikolisis yakni proses pemecahan
glukosa (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) menjadi 2 asam piruvat (C<sub>3</sub>)
yang terjadi terjadi di sitosol. Glikolisis terjadi dalam 10 langkah yang
terbagi dalam 2 tahap.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tahap 1 yaitu tahap investasi
yang terjadi dalam 5 langkah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada langkah 1 dan ke-3 terjadi proses peminjaman 1 ATP pada masing-masing
langkah tadi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada langkah ke-4 terjadi proses pemecahan Fruktosa 1,6-difosfat dipecah
menjadi dihidroksi aseton fosfat dan gliseraldehid 3 fosfat (PGAL).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dihidroksi aseton fosfat nantinya akan di ubah menjadi PGAL oleh enzim
Aldolase, karena enzim selanjutnya dalam glikolis (enzim triosapospat
dehidrogenase) hanya akan dapat berikatan dengan PGAL. Maka akan terbentuk 2
PGAL.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Selanjutnya
tahap 2 yaitu tahap pembayaran energi yang terjadi dalam 5 langkah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada langkah ke-6 terjadi oksidasi dan fosforilasi NAD<sup>+</sup> menjadi
NADH<sup>+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada langkah ke-7 dan ke-10 akan dihasilkan 2 ATP pada masing-masing
langkah tadi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Kemudian pada proses selanjutnya terjadi proses antara glikolisis dan
siklus Krebs yaitu Dekarboksilasi Oksidatif (DO) yang akan mengubah 2 asam
piruvat (C<sub>3</sub>) menjadi asetil koenzim-A (asetil ko-A) yang memiliki
atom berkarbon 2 atau C<sub>2</sub>. Berlangsung di dalam mitokondria. Terjadi
3 tahap dalam DO yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahap ke-1, asam piruvat (C<sub>3</sub>) melepaskan elektron
(oksidasi) sehingga 1 atom karbonnya akan lepas membentuk CO<sub>2</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahap ke-2, terbentuk senyawa yang dinamakan sitrat kemudian NAD<sup>+</sup>
direduksi (menerima elektron) menjadi NADH.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahap ke-3, molekul berkarbon 2 (C<sub>2</sub>) yang terbentuk pada
tahap 1 akan dioksidasi dan mengikat Ko-A (koenzim A) sehingga terbentuk asetil
Ko-A.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XTMad4-k6jA/UfBQs_cla3I/AAAAAAAAGlo/bxLZlciUIZ4/s1600/asetil+co+A.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="243" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XTMad4-k6jA/UfBQs_cla3I/AAAAAAAAGlo/bxLZlciUIZ4/s1600/asetil+co+A.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2"
o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Description: C:\Users\User\Pictures\do.jpg"
style='width:93.75pt;height:128.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> Kemudian
proses selanjutnya adalah siklus Krebs yang terjadi di matriks mitokondria.
Berlangsung dalam 8 langkah. Siklus Krebs menggunakan asetil Ko-A yang telah
dihasilkan pada tahap DO.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 71.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada langkah ke-3, ke-4 dan ke-8 terbentuk 1 NADH<sup>+ </sup>pada
masing-masing langkah tadi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada langkah ke-5 terbentuk 1 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada langkah ke-6 terbentuk 1 FADH<sub>2</sub><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Selanjutnya akan di jelaskan mengenai proses akhir dalam katabolisme yaitu <b><i>Transfer
elektron</i></b>. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada system
transfer electron, berlangsung pengepakan energi dari glukosa menjadi ATP.
Reaksi ini merupakan tahap terakhir dari respirasi aerob yang terjadi di dalam
membran dalam mitokondria.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Hipotesis
mengenai system transport electron ini dikemukakan oleh <b>Peter Mitchell</b>
(1968) yang dikenal dengan <b>hipotesis osmotic kimia</b>. Senyawa yang
berperan dalam system ini adalah <i>nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</i>
tereduksi (NADH) dan <i>flavin adenine dinucleotide</i> (FAD).
Elektron-elektron berenergi tinggi hasil glikolisis dan siklus krebs akan masuk
ke system transport electron melalui bantuan NADH dan FADH<sub>2</sub>.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Selain itu,
molekul lain yang juga berperan dalam transport electron adalah molekul
oksigen, koenzim Q (Ubiquinone), sitokrom b, sitokrom c, dan sitokrom a.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dari
daur Krebs akan keluar elektron dan ion H+ yang dibawa sebagai NADH<sub> </sub>dan
FADH<sub>2</sub>, sehingga di dalam mitokondria (dengan adanya siklus Krebs
yang dilanjutkan dengan oksidasi melalui sistem pengangkutan elektron) akan
terbentuk air, sebagai hasil sampingan respirasi selain CO2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Produk
sampingan respirasi tersebut pada akhirnya dibuang ke luar tubuh melalui
stomata pada tumbuhan dan pada hewan tingkat tinggi melalui paru-paru pada
peristiwa pernafasan.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q4VHPP6JK08/UfBRIP01dsI/AAAAAAAAGmA/61aGLo6TFtk/s1600/t+elektron+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q4VHPP6JK08/UfBRIP01dsI/AAAAAAAAGmA/61aGLo6TFtk/s1600/t+elektron+2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1"
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visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rantai
transpor electron dimulai ketika NAD dioksidasi dengan menambahkan dua electron
dan dua ion H<sup>+</sup> sehingga NAD direduksi menjadi NADH<sub>2</sub>.
Selanjutnya, NADH<sub>2</sub> memindahkan dua electron dan dua ion H<sup>+</sup>
ke suatu enzim flavin, yaitu <i>flavin mononukleotida</i> (FMN) atau <i>flafin
adenine nukleotida</i> (FAD) sehingga senyawa tersebut tereduksi menjadi FMN<sub>2</sub>
atau FADH<sub>2</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Energi
yang diperlukan untuk mereduksi FAD lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan energi
yang dibebaskan melalui oksidasi NAD. Sehingga energi yang tersisa digunakan
untuk mensintesis satu molekul ATP dari ADP dan ion posfat (Pi). Selanjutnya
FADH<sub>2 </sub>mereduksi inti besi pada suatu protein kompleks, kemudian
mereduksi besi pada sitokrom b. Sitokrom b mereduksi senyawa fenolik menjadi
kinon, yaitu unikuinon (Q). Unikuinon merupakan anggota rantai transpor
electron yang bukan protein. Selain melepaskan elektron, koenzim Q juga
melepaskan dua ion H<sup>+</sup>. Elektron dari Q kemudian mereduksi sitokrom
c, dan membebaskan energi yang cukup untuk menyatukan ADP dan ion posfat (Pi)
menjadi ATP kedua.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sitokrom
c kemudian mereduksi sitokrom a, dan ini merupakan akhir dari rantai transpor
elektron. Sitokrom a<sub>3</sub> merupakan anggota system angkutan transpor
electron yang dapat bereaksi dengan molekul oksigen. Selanjutnya pada tahap
terakhir rantai transpor electron ini, dua ion H<sup>+</sup> akan bergabung
dengan </span><!--[if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:f><m:fPr><span
style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:"Cambria Math";mso-hansi-font-family:"Cambria Math";
font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></span></m:fPr><m:num><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:17.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>1</m:r></span></i></m:num><m:den><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:17.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Cambria Math","serif"'><m:r>2</m:r></span></i></m:den></m:f></m:oMath><![endif]--><!--[if !msEquation]--><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -11.5pt; position: relative; top: 11.5pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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membentuk air (H<sub>2</sub>O). Oksidasi yang terakhir ini mampu menghasilkan
energi yang cukup besar untuk dapat melakukan sintesis ATP ketiga. Jadi, secara
keseluruhan ada tiga tempat pada transpor elektron yang dapat menyatukan ADP
dan Pi menjadi ATP.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rantai
transpor electron tidak secara langsung membuat ATP. Fungsi rantai transpor
ialah untuk mempermudah jatuhya electron dari makanan ke oksigen, memecah
penurunan energy bebas yang besar menjadi sederetan langkah yang lebih kecil
yang melepaskan energy dalam jumlah yang bisa diatur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Proses
yang sebenarnya bertugas membuat ATP adalah kemiosmosis yang menggunakan enzim
yang disebut <b>ATP sintase</b>. ATP sintase menggunakan energy dari gradien
ion yang ada untuk menggerakan sintesis ATP. Gradien ion yang menggerakan
fosforilasi oksidatif ialah gradient proton (ion hidrogen) ; dengan kata lain,
sumber daya untuk ATP sintase ialah perbedaan konsentrasi H<sup>+</sup> pada
sisi yang berlawanan dari membrane dalam mitokondria. Mekanisme aliran H<sup>+</sup>
dari matriks ke ruang antar membrane
untuk mendorong terbentuknya ATP dari ADP dan Pi disebut <b>kemiosmosis</b>.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--HdCZCHfP1E/UfBRaRntreI/AAAAAAAAGmQ/wGqfBNO2Gdw/s1600/kemiosmosis+2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--HdCZCHfP1E/UfBRaRntreI/AAAAAAAAGmQ/wGqfBNO2Gdw/s1600/kemiosmosis+2.jpg" /></span></a></b></div>
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<b><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I6YPz-BT9DQ/UfBRT2SUEuI/AAAAAAAAGmI/Tu9m1jIQDdY/s1600/kemiosmosis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I6YPz-BT9DQ/UfBRT2SUEuI/AAAAAAAAGmI/Tu9m1jIQDdY/s1600/kemiosmosis.jpg" width="166" /></span></a></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sejak
reaksi glikolisis sampai siklus Krebs, telah dihasilkan 10 molekul NADH dan 2
molekul FADH<sub>2</sub>. Setiap oksidasi 1 molekul NADH kan menghasilkan 3
molekul ATP dan dua ATP untuk setiap 1 molekul FADH<sub>2</sub>. Ketentuan
mengenai hasil oksidasi satu molekul NADH menghasilkan 3 molekul ATP sedangkan
oksidasi satu molekul FADH<sub>2</sub>
adalah 2 molekul ATP sebelumnya telah melewati hasil riset seorang
ilmuan yang bernama Stayer (1981 : 307).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Berikut ini adalah p</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">enjelasan dari hasil percobaan strayer :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengangkutan
NADH + H+ dari sitosol ke mitokondria melibatkan mekanisme khusus yang disebut <i>shuttle</i>
(pengemban).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Ada
2 pengemban NADH + H+ yaitu : malat aspartat (digunakan oleh sel-sel hati dan
jantung) dan Gliserol fosfat (di gunakan oleh sel-sel lainnya)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1
NADH = 3 ATP (jika dibawa oleh pengemban malate aspartat karena NADH yang
berada di sitosol akan tetap menjadi NADH saat sampai di membran dalam
mitokondria).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1 NADH = 2 ATP (jika dibawa oleh pengemban glyserol fosfat karena NADH yang
berada di sitosol akan berubah menjadi FADH2 saat sampai di membran dalam
mitokondria).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 2cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Maka
untuk mempermudah hasil penyetaraan maka ditetapkanlah 1 molekul NADH = 3 ATP</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Maka
secara keseluruhan reaksi respirasi seluler menghasilkan total 38 ATP dari satu
molekul glukosa.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Diketahui bahwa 1 mol ATP
mengandung energi sebesar 7,3 kkal sehingga dalam 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> ATP mengandung energi 3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">8</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">x7,3 kkal = 2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">77,4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> kkal.<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Perhitungan energy (ATP) pada tahap
Transfer Elektron.</span></b><a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 17pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 17pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Syarat : 1 NADH<sub>2</sub> = 3 ATP
sedangkan 1 FADH<sub>2</sub> = 2 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 522px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.45pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" width="94"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Proses<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 320.95pt;" valign="top" width="428"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 18pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Energi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 5.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 5.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.2pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Fosforilasi
Oksidatif<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 5.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.75pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Fosforilasi Tingkat Substrat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Glikolisis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.2pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1 NADH<sub>2</sub>
= 1x2x3 ATP = 6 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.75pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2 ATP = 2x2x1 ATP = 4 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dipakai 2 ATP saat fase Investasi
maka 4 ATP – 2 ATP = 2 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">DO<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.2pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1 NADH<sub>2</sub> = 1x2x3 ATP =
6 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 14.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.75pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 29.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 29.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Siklus Krebs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 29.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.2pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">3 NADH<sub>2</sub> = 3x2x3 ATP = 18
ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1 FADH<sub>2</sub> = 1x2x2 ATP = 4 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 29.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.75pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1 ATP = 1x2x1
ATP = 2 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.65pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 177.2pt;" valign="top" width="236"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 18pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">34
ATP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 143.75pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: medium; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">4 ATP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">[</span>1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Pratiwi, Dkk. 2007. <i>BIOLOGI SMA Jilid 3 Untuk Kelas XII</i>.
Jakarta : Erlangga. Hlm 32.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Akhyar, M.Salman. 2004. <i>Biologi untuk SMA Kelas III semester 1</i>.
Bandung : Grafindo. Hlm 41-42.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://biologigonz.blogspot.com/2009/12/sistem-transport-elektron.html"><span style="line-height: 150%;">http://biologigonz.blogspot.com/2009/12/sistem-transport-elektron.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> diunduh Sabtu, 13 April
2013 pukul 08.30 WIB.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://konsepbiologi.wordpress.com/2011/07/20/sistem-transport-elektron-ste/"><span style="line-height: 150%;">http://konsepbiologi.wordpress.com/2011/07/20/sistem-transport-elektron-ste/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;">diunduh Sabtu, 13 April
2013 pukul 09.35 WIB.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Op.cit.. Mahariesti. Hlm 39-40</span>.<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Op.cit., Campbell (edisi 5). Hlm 171.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://sukabio.wordpress.com/2009/07/30/transpor-elektron/"><span style="line-height: 150%;">http://sukabio.wordpress.com/2009/07/30/transpor-elektron/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 150%;"> diunduh Minggu, 14 April
2013 pukul 13.00 WIB.</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Op.cit., Akhyar.</span> Hlm 43.<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="file:///C:/Users/aghry/Desktop/adamateritambahanlaginihyankagajadulcumanlumayanl/katabolisme%20(glikolisis,%20dekarboksilasi%20oksidatif,%20siklus%20krebs,%20transfer%20elektron).docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" lang="EN-US" style="font-size: medium; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US"> Novel, Sinta Sasika. 2010. <i>Rangkuman Biologi SMA</i>. Jakarta :
GagasMedia. Hlm 149.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-32816439277834448912013-07-25T04:40:00.007+07:002021-10-28T19:39:07.584+07:00Makalah Reproduksi Vegetatif dan Generatif Pada Phylum Protozoa<b style="text-align: center;">Reproduksi Vegetatif dan Generatif Pada Phylum Protozoa</b><br />
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Protozoa sebagian besar melakukan reproduksi <b>secara aseksual (vegetatif) dengan cara pembelahan biner</b>. Pembelahan diawali dengan pembelahan inti yang diikuti dengan pembelahan sitoplasma, kemudian menghasilkan 2 sel baru. Pembelahan biner terjadi pada <i>Amoeba, Paramaecium, Euglena</i>.</div>
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<b>Protozoa bersilia</b> membelah dengan arah transversal setelah terlebih dahulu melakukan <b>konjugasi</b>. <b>Protozoa berflagel</b> membelah dengan <b>arah longitudinal</b>. Beberapa Protozoa lain akan membelah berulang kali (<i>multipel fission</i>) yang menghasilkan banyak anak sel.</div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 1</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Beberapa macam proses reproduksi
vegetatif pada protozoa</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Sebagian Protozoa melakukan <span style="background-color: lime;">reproduksi secara seksual (generatif)</span> dengan penyatuan sel generatif (gamet) atau dengan penyatuan inti sel vegetatif. <b>Reproduksi seksual dengan peleburan inti sel pada organisme yang belum jelas alat kelaminnya disebut konjugasi.</b></div>
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<b>1. Rhizopoda (Sarcodina)</b></div>
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Rhizopoda berkembang biak <b>secara vegetatif (aseksual)</b> dengan pembelahan biner, contohnya pada <i>Amoeba sp. </i>Amoeba dapat berkembang biak dengan pembelahan biner tanpa melalui tahap-tahap mitosis. Pembelahan dimulai dari membelahnya inti sel menjadi dua, lalu diikuti oleh pembelahan sitoplasma.</blockquote>
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Pembelahan inti tersebut menimbulkan lekukan yang sangat dalam yang lama-lama akan putus sehingga terbentuklah dua sel anak Amoeba yang baru yang masing-masing mempunyai inti baru dan sitoplasma yang baru pula. Kedua sel anak ini akan mengalami pembelahan biner sehingga menjadi empat sel, delapan sel, enam belas sel, dan seterusnya.</div>
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Pada Amoeba apabila keadaan lingkungan kurang baik misalnya kekeringan, maka Amoeba akan membentuk <b style="background-color: red;">kista</b>. Didalam kista Amoeba dapat membelah menjadi amoeba-amoeba baru yang lebih kecil. Bila keadaan menguntungkan maka amoeba-amoeba tadi dapat keluar dan selanjutnya amoeba ini akan tumbuh. Setelah mencapai pada ukuran tertentu maka amoeba tadi akan membelah diri seperti semula.</div>
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<a href="http://gurungeblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/pembelahan-m"><span color="windowtext" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_16"
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 2</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Pembelahan biner pada Amoeba</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>2. Ciliata (Ciliophora/Infusoria)</b></div>
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Ciliata memiliki <b>dua inti</b> yaitu, <i>makronukleus dan mikronukleus.</i> Makronukleus berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan mikronukleus. Makronukleus memiliki fungsi vegetatif, yaitu untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangbiakan. Mikronukleus memiliki fungsi reproduktif, yaitu pada konjugasi. Contohnya pada <i>Paramaecium sp.</i></blockquote>
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Ciliata melakukan reproduksi <b>secara vegetatif (aseksual) </b>dan generatif (seksual). Reproduksi vegetatif, yaitu dengan pembelahan biner membujur (transversal) sepanjang selnya. Pembelahan diawali dengan pembelahan mikronukleus dan diikuti dengan pembelahan makronucleus.</div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 3</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <i>Pembelahan biner pada</i> <i>Paramecium<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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Reproduksi generatif dilakukan dengan <b>konjugasi</b> yaitu dengan cara penggabungan atau penyatuan fisik sementara antara dua individu kemudian terjadi <b>pertukaran nukleus.</b> Dengan demikian, akan terjadi perpaduan sifat yang dibawa oleh kedua individu tersebut dan menghasilkan satu individu baru. Reproduksi generatif Paramaecium berlangsung sebagai berikut :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<ol>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Dua Paramaecium saling mendekat dan menempel pada bagian mulut sel untuk kawin, lalu terbentuk tabung konjugasi.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Mikronukleus masing-masing individu bermeosis 2 kali, lalu menghasilkan 4 mikronukleus haploid pada asing-masing individu.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Tiga mikronukleus melebur/hilang dan satu mikronukleus akan membelah secara mitosis menjadi dua mikronukleus.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Pasangan tersebut kemudian mempertukarkan satu mikronukleusnya.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Mikronukleus yang sudah dipertukarkan akan melebur dengan makronukleus, terjadilah singami. Terbentuklah zigot nucleus yang diploid. Kemudian pasangan Paramaecium memisah.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Zigot nucleus masing-masing membelah secara mitosis sebanyak 3 kali berturut turut sehingga terbentuk 8 mikronukleus yang identic pada asing-masing paramaecium.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Selanjutnya masing-masing makronukleus yang asli hancur. (kenapa hancur?karena yang berperan dalam proses konjugasi hanya mikronukleus, sedangkan makronukleus untuk proses metabolisme).</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Empat mikronukleus akan hilang sehingga tersisa akan tersisa empat mikronukleus.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Tiga mikronukleus akan bergabung menjadi satu mikronukleus dan satu mikronukleus lainnya akan tetap menjadi mikronukleus.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Pertanyaannya :</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<b><div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Mengapa dalam proses konjugasi tidak terjadi perbanyakan paramaecium....?.</b></div>
</b><div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Jawabannya :</div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>karena proses ini hanya untuk pertukaran materi genetik. Sedangkan untuk melakukan perbanyakan diri paramaecium melakukan pembelahan biner.</i></blockquote>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4</span></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reproduksi </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">secara konjugasi pada Paramecium</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 17px;">3. </span></span>Flagellata (Mastigophora)</b></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
Flagellata berkembang biak secara <b>vegetatif (aseksual)</b> dengan pembelahan biner membujur (longitudinal), misalnya pada<i> Leismania donovani, Trypanosoma sp</i>, <i>Euglena sp, Volvox globator.</i> Sedangkan untuk reproduksi generatif (seksual) terjadi pada fitoflagellata dengan cara konjugasi, misalnya pada <i>Volvox.</i></blockquote>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 5</span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Pembelahan
biner pada Euglena sp (kiri) dan
T.evansi (kanan)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>4. Sporozoa (Apicomplexa)</b></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
Sporozoa melakukan reproduksi secara <b>vegetatif (aseksual) </b>dan <b>generatif (seksual)</b>. Sporozoa memiliki pergiliran antara fase seksual dan aseksualnya. <i>Reproduksi vegetatif dilakukan dengan pembentukan spora. Reproduksi</i> <i>generatif dilakukan dengan pembentukan gamet dan dilanjutkan dengan penyatuan gamet jantan dan betina.</i> Misalnya pada <i>Plasmodium</i>. <b>Pada Plasmodium peleburan gamet jantan dan gamet betina terjadi di dalam tubuh nyamuk Anopheles betina.</b></blockquote>
<b><br />1. Fase vegetatif / aseksual/ skizogoni</b><br /><br />Berlangsung di dalam tubuh manusia.<br /><br /><b>a. Siklus Eksoeritrositer (EE).</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
Nyamuk Anopheles betina mengisap darah manusia, sporozoit (bibit penyakit) dalam air liur nyamuk masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia. <b>Sporozoit</b> menyerang butir-butir sel darah merah kemudian masuk ke hati menjadi skizont kriptozoik. <b>Skizont kriptozoik</b> berkembang biak secara vegetatif dengan membelah diri membentuk <b>merozoit cryptozoik.</b></blockquote>
<b>b. Siklus Eritrositer (E).</b><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Merozoit cryptozoik</b> masuk ke dalam sel darah merah dan berkembang menjadi bentuk <b>tropozoit</b>. Selanjutnya inti tropozoit tersebut mengalami pembelahan secara berganda membentuk<b> merozoit</b> . Kemudian sel darah merah pecah. Sebagian merozoit ada yang berkembang membentuk gametofit, sedang sebagian yang lain ada yang menyerang sel darah merah yang lain. Proses merozoit menyerang sel darah merah disebut <i>sporulasi .</i></blockquote>
<b>2. Fase generatif / seksual / sporogoni</b><b><br /></b>Berlangsung di dalam tubuh nyamuk Anopheles betina<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
Saat nyamuk menghisap darah manusia, <b>gametosit ikut terbawa masuk ke dalam tubuh nyamuk. </b>Gametofit tersebut akan berkembang menjadi <i>mikrogamet (gamet jantan) dan makrogamet (gamet betina). </i>Jika terjadi pembuahan (gamet jantan membuahi gamet betina) maka akan terbentuk <b>zigot yang menempel di dinding lambung nyamuk</b>. Zigot akan berkembang menjadi <i>Ookinet.</i> Ookinet menembus dinding lambung dan menempel di sebelah luar. Ookinet selanjutnya tumbuh menjadi <i>Ookista.</i> Ookista membelah menjadi banyak.</blockquote>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Tiap Ookista akan membungkus diri dengan sedikit sitoplasma membentuk Oosit</b> . Oosit akan berkembang membentuk sporozoit baru yang tersebar ke dalam jaringan tubuh nyamuk <i>Anopheles</i> termasuk ke dalam kelenjar liur.</div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gambar 6</span></b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Reproduksi vegetatif dan generatif pada
Plasmodium<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-71740178802992315872013-07-24T15:06:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:39:25.949+07:00Makalah Lumut (BRYOPHYTA)<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>1. PENDAHULUAN</b></span><br />
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Lumut merupakan tumbuhan tidak berpembuluh, yang termasuk dalam divisio bryophyta ( berasal dari bahasa yunani, bryum “lumut” ). </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Divisio ini mempunyai <b>“daun” yang telah menyerupai daun tumbuhan berpembuluh.</b> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Oleh karena itu, divisio ini sering disebut <b>lumut daun atau lumut sejati.</b> Divisio ini mempunyai anggota terbanyak, yaitu sekitar 10.000 spesies.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>2. CIRI-CIRI LUMUT SECARA UMUM</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><i>Dapat berfotosintesis</i>, merupakan tumbuhan yang eukariotik dan multiseluler</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><i>Tidak memiliki akar, batang, dan daun sejati ( talus )</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Struktur tubuhnya masih <i>sederhana</i> sehingga tidak <i>memiliki berkas pembuluh angkut ( xylem dan floem )</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lumut umumnya <i>merupakan tumbuhan kecil</i>, biasanya hanya beberapa mm sampai beberapa cm saja.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Ukuran <i>tinggi tubuh ± 20 cm</i>. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Mengalami <i>pergiliran keturunan</i> ( dari gametofit ke sporofit ) yang disebut <i>metagenesis</i> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Reproduksi secara <i>seksual dan aseksual ( spora ) </i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Habitatnya di berbagai tempat, yang hidup pada daun-daun disebut sebagai <i>epifit</i> ( organism yang hidup menempel pada tumbuhan lain ). jika pada hutan banyak pohon epifit maka hutan demikian <i>disebut hutan lumut.</i></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Tumbuhan lumut <i>berwarna hijau</i> karena mempunyai plastida yang menghasilkan <i>klorofil a dan b</i> sehingga lumut <i>bersifat autotrof.</i> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Tumbuhan lumut merupakan bentuk peralihan antara <i>tumbuhan bertalus (talofita) dengan tumbuhan berkormus (kormofita)</i>. Karena tumbuhan lumut <i>belum memiliki akar sejati.</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lumut melekat dengan perantaraan <i>rhizoid (akar semu). </i>Rizoid berbentuk seperti benang /rambut untuk melekat pada tempat tumbuhnya dan menyerap air dan garam-garam mineral.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Dinding sel lumut terdiri dari <b>selulosa</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Spora lumut tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi <i>protonema</i> (filament yang berwarna hijau)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Kromosom </b>tumbuhan lumut bersifat <i>haploid.</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Batang dan daun tegak pada lumut memiliki susunan yang berbeda.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><i>Lapisan lumut yang tebal </i>dipermukaan batang dapat membantu menangkap dan menyimpan air serta menjaga kelembaban hutan.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Pada batang apabila dilihat secara melintang akan tampak susunan sebagai berikut:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Selapis sel kulit</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lapisan kulit dalam ( korteks )</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Silinder pusat yang terdiri dari sel-sel parenkimatik yang memanjang untuk mengangkut air dan garam-garam mineral </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Belum terdapat <i>floem dan xylem</i>. </span></li>
</ul>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Pada daun apabila dilihat secara melintang akan tampak susunan sebagai berikut:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sel-sel daunnya kecil, sempit, panjang, dan mengandung kloroplas yang tersusun seperti jala</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lumut hanya dapat tumbuh memanjang tetapi tidak membesar, karena tidak ada sel berdinding sekunder yang berfungsi sebagai jaringan penyokong</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Rhizoid seperti benang sebagai akar untuk melekat pada tempat tumbuhnya dan menyerap garam- garam mineral.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Struktur sporofit (sporogonium) tubuh lumut terdiri atas:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Vaginula , kaki yang diselubungi sisa dinding arkegonium. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Seta atau tangkai.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Apofisis, yaitu ujung seta yang agak melebar yang merupakan peralihan antara seta dan kotak spora.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Kaliptra atau tudung berasal dari dinding arkegonium sebelah atas menjadi tudung kotak spora.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Kolumela, jaringan yang tidak ikut mengambil bagian dalam pembentukan spora.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b></b></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FdzMpLtXPNw/Ue-HfZJaabI/AAAAAAAAGhw/Gd2lhtH9Rec/s1600/bryophyta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FdzMpLtXPNw/Ue-HfZJaabI/AAAAAAAAGhw/Gd2lhtH9Rec/s1600/bryophyta.jpg" /></a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>
MENURUT LETAK GAMETANGIA, LUMUT DIBEDAKAN MENJADI:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Lumut berumah satu</b> : bila anteridium dan arkegonium terdapat dalam satu individu.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Lumut berumah dua</b> : bila dalam satu individu terdapat anteridium dan arkegonium saja.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>CIRI – CIRI LUMUT DAUN</b>:</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lumut daun juga disebut lumut sejati.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Bentuk tubuhnya berupa tumbuhan kecil dengan bagian seperti akar (rizoid), batang dan daun.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Reproduksi vegetatif dengan membentuk kuncup pada cabang- cabang batang.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Protonema berbentuk daun kecil, tiap protonema hanya akan membentuk gametapora</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Gametafora terdiri dari batang – batang yang bercabang</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sporongium mempunyai kaki yang lebar, seta hanya berupa lekukan antara kaki dari kapsul</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>CIRI – CIRI LUMUT TANDUK:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Bentuk tubuhnya seperti lumut hati yaitu berupa talus, tetapi sporofitnya berupa kapsul memanjang.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sel lumut tanduk hanya mempunyai satu kloroplas.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Hidup di tepi sungai, danau, atau sepanjang selokan. Reproduksi seperti lumut hati.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Gametofit berbentuk lembaran</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sporongium terdiri atas kaki dan kapsul saja</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>CIRI-CIRI LUMUT HATI</b> :</span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lumut hati tubuhnya berbentuk lembaran, menempel di atas permukaan tanah, pohon atau tebing</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Terdapat rizoid berfungsi untuk menempel dan menyerap zat-zat makanan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Tidak memiliki batang dan daun.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Reproduksi secara vegetatif dengan membentuk gemma (kuncup), secara generatif dengan membentuk gamet jantan dan betina.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Gametofit berwarna hijau,pipih,dorsiventral struktur tallus sederhana</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sporofit tidak mengandung kloroplas </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Spora yang berkecambah tidak melalui pembentukan protonema</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>REPRODUKSI LUMUT:</b></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> Reproduksi lumut bergantian antara seksual dengan aseksualnya, reproduksi aseksualnya dengan spora haploid yang dibentuk dalam sporofit, sedangkan reproduksi seksualnya dengan membentuk gamet – gamet, baik gamet jantan maupun gamet betina yang dibentuk dalam <b>gametofit. </b></span></blockquote>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Ada 2 macam gametangium,</b> yaitu sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Arkegonium adalah gametangium betina yang bentuknya seperti botol dengan bagian lebar yang disebut perut, bagian yang sempit disebut leher. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Anteredium adalah gametangium jantan yang berbentuk bulat seperti gada. Dinding anteredium terdiri dari selapis sel yang mandul dan didalamnya terdapat sejumlah sel induk spermatozoid.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Reproduksi aseksual:</b></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><i>Dilakukan dengan spora.</i> Spora dihasilkan oleh pembelahan yang terjadi dalam sporangium lumut sporofit (sporogonium). Spora yang dihasilkan sporofit adalah spora haploid. Spora tersebut tumbuh menjadi protonema, kemudian tumbuh menjadi gametofit haploid (n). </span></blockquote>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Perkembangbiakan secara aseksual dapat terjadi dengan banyak cara, antara lain :</span></div>
<div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Membentuk tunas pada pangkal batang dan selanjutnya tunas terlepas dan berkembang menjadi individu baru.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Membentuk stolon.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Batang lumut yang bercabang-cabang mati, lalu cabangnya tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi individu baru.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Protonema primer membentuk individu baru.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Protonema putus-putus menjadi banyak protonema, dan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Membentuk kuncup.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Reproduksi seksual:</b></span></div>
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> Terjadi dengan adanya penyatuan gamet jantan (spermatozoid) dan gamet betina (ovum). Spermatozoid bergerak dengan perantara air menuju ovum pada arkegonium. Spermatozoid kemudian bertemu dan membuahi ovum (fertilisasi). Pembuahan menghasilkan zigot yang diploid. Zigot membelah menjadi embrio yang kemudian tumbuh menjadi sporofit yang diploid (2n).</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Reproduksi aseksual dan seksual berlangsung secara bergantian melalui suatu pergiliran keturunan yang disebut <b>metagenesis</b>. Jika anteredium dan arkegonium berada dalam satu individu, tumbuhan lumut disebut berumah satu <b>(monoesis)</b> dan jika dalam satu individu hanya terdapat anteredium atau arkegonium saja disebut berumah dua <b>(diesis).</b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>SIKLUS HIDUP LUMUT:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lumut mengalami siklus hidup diplobiontik dengan pergantian generasi heteromorfik. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Briophyta mengalami dua fase dalam siklus hidupnya, yaitu </span><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-large;">fase gametofit dan sporofit</b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">. Dalam siklus hidupnya, fase gametofit lebih dominan dibandingkan fase sporofitnya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Fase gametofit adalah lumut yang biasa kita lihat sehari-hari. Gametofit merupakan lumut yang menghasilkan gamet (sel kelamin). Fase sporofit merupakan lumut yang berada dalam keadaan menghasilkan spora.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Hal ini bertolak belakang dengan tumbuhan berpembuluh (pteridophyta dan spermatophyta) yang memiliki fase sporofit lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan fase gametofit.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>LUMUT DAUN:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Siklus hidup lumut mengalami pergantian antara generasi haploid dengan diploid.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sporofit pada umumnya lebih kecil, berumur pendek dan hidup tergantung pada gametofit.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>LUMUT HATI:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--Z1zaRYDpv4/Ue-I9d0rZMI/AAAAAAAAGiU/IOHHNF0JbNc/s1600/siklus+lumut+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/--Z1zaRYDpv4/Ue-I9d0rZMI/AAAAAAAAGiU/IOHHNF0JbNc/s1600/siklus+lumut+4.jpg" height="141" width="200" /></a>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Siklus hidup lumut ini mirip dengan lumut daun yaitu dengan fase haploid dan diploid.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<ul><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3yRXcFkhlZc/Ue-Jf5Tn7SI/AAAAAAAAGik/-z7cgB7JmbA/s1600/siklus+lumut+6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3yRXcFkhlZc/Ue-Jf5Tn7SI/AAAAAAAAGik/-z7cgB7JmbA/s1600/siklus+lumut+6.jpg" height="62" width="200" /></a><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-duh3YhNICxM/Ue-JOksNAxI/AAAAAAAAGic/jslkY-k5wQQ/s1600/siklus+lumut+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-duh3YhNICxM/Ue-JOksNAxI/AAAAAAAAGic/jslkY-k5wQQ/s1600/siklus+lumut+5.jpg" height="177" width="200" /></a>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Didalam spongaria terdapat sel yang berbentuk gulungan disebut elatera. Elatera akan terlepas saat kapsul terbuka, sehingga membantu memencarkan spora.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Lumut ini juga dapat melakukan reproduksi dengan cara aseksual dengan sel yang disebut gemma, yang merupakan struktur seperti mangkok dipermukaan gametofit.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>LUMUT TANDUK:</b></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Secara seksual, dengan membentuk anteridium dan arkegonium. Anteridium dan arkegonium terkumpul pada suatu lekukan pada sisi atas talus.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Zigot mula-mula membelah menjadi dua sel dengan satu dinding pisah melintang.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sel diatas terus membelah yang merupakan sporogonium yang diikuti oleh sel bagian bawah yang membelah terus menerus membentuk kaki yang berfungsi sebagai alat penghisap.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Bila sporogenium masak maka akan pecah seperti buah polongan, dan menghasilkan jaringan yang terdiri dari beberapa deretan sel-sel mandul yang dinamakan kolumela. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Sel-sel mandul ini diselubungi oleh sel jaringan yang kemudian menghasilkan spora, yang disebut arkespora.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>SIKLUS HIDUP LUMUT TANDUK</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">S E L A M A T B E L A J A R !!!!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">thanks to: Try Nur Hidayati</span></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-5361118477996232362013-07-24T11:47:00.001+07:002021-10-28T19:38:50.396+07:00Kumpulan Game Plants VS Zombie<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Sepertinya para kawan penggemar Plants vs Zombie sudah tak sabar ingin segera mencicipi game terbaru </i><i style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 2013</a>. Nah sekedar menghibur, karna pihak Pop Cap </b>baru saja <b>mengkonfirmasi keterlambatan mereka dan tenang saja karna mereka sesegera mungkin akan merilis </b></i><i style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 2013</a>. paling lambat sebelum musim panas di eropa. </b>Sambil </i><span style="text-align: center;">menunggu link downloadnya keluar, saya ingin berbagi tentang macam-macam dari game Plants vs zombie keluaran resmi dari <a href="http://www.popcap.com/plants-vs-zombies-2" target="_blank">Popcap</a> selaku perusahaan produksi game plants vs zombie ini. Cekidot gan:</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large; text-align: center;"><b>1. Plants VS Zombie 1:</b></span></div>
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<a href="http://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/pvz1/pvz1_ss6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/pvz1/pvz1_ss6.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Kalo yg ini agan pasti udah tau donk, dan pastinya udah tamat. hehe.. ya ini adalah sekuel pertama dari game plants vs zombie yg membuat kita jatuh cinta. Namun Sayangnya game ini adalah game berbayar jadi buat agan yg belum mainin bisa mendownload dari situs resminya dan mencoba versi Trialnya.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">2. PLANTS VS ZOMBIES™ ADVENTURES</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://static-www.ec.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/global/pp_pvza_ss1_press.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://static-www.ec.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/global/pp_pvza_ss1_press.jpg" height="247" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large; text-align: center;">Game yg ini gak kalah serunya loh gan, kita akan diajak berpetualang dan menghabisi zombie ditiap tempat yg disinggahi crazy dave. Ada banyak model plants yg baru loh, seperti di gambar yg saya kasih di atas. Kalo Mau main anda bisa mainkan lewat facebook, silahkan menuju aplikasi game ini untuk memainkannya <a href="http://www.popcap.com/plants-vs-zombies-adventures" target="_blank">disini</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Atau anda bisa menonton videonya di bawah ini</span></div>
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</span> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>3. </b><b>PLANTS VS ZOMBIES™ GARDEN WARFARE</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/gw/PvZ_GW_E3_Screens_01_WM_v3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/gw/PvZ_GW_E3_Screens_01_WM_v3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/gw/PvZ_GW_E3_Screens_05_WM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/gw/PvZ_GW_E3_Screens_05_WM.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/gw/PvZ_GW_E3_Screens_03_WM_v3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://static-www.ecs.popcap.com/www.popcap.com/sites/pvz_franchise_2013/screenshots/gw/PvZ_GW_E3_Screens_03_WM_v3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Nah yg satu ini kalau dilihat dari screenshotnya asli seru banget gan, Game ini diperuntukan khususnya buat platform XBOX 360. <b>Dengan efek 3dnya</b> agan akan dibawa ke sensasi perang yg lebih menegangkan. Buat PC juga ada loh gan, tapi sayangnya game ini masih cooming soon. Coba liat deh gan keseruan dari game ini dari video resminya:</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-size: large;">3. <i style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 </a></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i style="text-align: center;">Nah ini dia game yg agan-agan tunggu dan akan segera rilis, jadi sebenarnya game plants vs zombie ada banyak gan dan sambil menunggu </i><i style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 </a> rilis, </b>silahkan agan cicipi dahulu game-game lainnya. Untuk game </i><i style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 </a> jika anda ingin mendownloadnya silahkan tunggu di postingan saya yg berjudul </b></i><i style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 </a>. untuk videonya silahkan tonton dibawah ini:</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/GJX8dWX4ym4?feature=player_embedded" width="640"></iframe></span> URL Gambar atau Widget kalian Disni</div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-3223812352028855182013-07-23T21:52:00.002+07:002021-10-28T19:35:34.332+07:00Makalah Lichen (Lumut Kerak)<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Pernahkah kawan melihat sesuatu berkerak menyelimuti beberapa batang pohon, pohon kelapa misalnya?</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Tahukan kawan bahwa kerak itu sebenarnya adalah tumbuhan juga?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Lalu Apa itu lichen?</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Lichen merupakan simbiosis antara <b>Fungi dan alga.</b></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">disebut juga lumut kerak karna memang terlihat seperti lumut dan <u>kering seperti kerak.</u></span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Golongan Fungi yang biasanya membentuk lichen adalah <b>Ascomycetes atau Basidiomycetes.</b> Sedangkan golongan alga yang biasanya membentuk lichen adalah <b>Cyanophyceae atau Chlorophyceae.</b> Untuk lebih jelasnya coba perhatikan gambar dibawah, ada alga yg berwarna hijau yg dikelilingi fungi yg berwarna putih. Alga dan fungi yg <b>bersimbiosis</b> seperti ini disebut lichen. Jadi lichen itu sebenarnya terdiri dari dua jenis makhluk hidup yaitu fungi dan lichen.</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y1iC0sHbuEI/Ue6MHscY4bI/AAAAAAAAGf4/B692v-MNIhA/s1600/lichen.jpg"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y1iC0sHbuEI/Ue6MHscY4bI/AAAAAAAAGf4/B692v-MNIhA/s1600/lichen.jpg" width="216" /></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Struktur lichen sendiri terdiri dari:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> <b>--Korteks atas,</b> berupa jalinan yang padat disebut <i>pseudoparenchyma</i> dari hifa jamurnya. Sel ini saling mengisi dengan material yang berupa gelatin. Bagian ini tebal dan <b>berguna untuk perlindungan.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b> ---Daerah algae</b>, merupakan lapisan biru atau biru hijau yang terletak di bawah korteks atas. Bagian ini terdiri dari <b>jalinan hifa yang longgar</b>. Diantara hifa-hifa itu terdapat sel-sel hijau, yaitu <b>Gleocapsa, Nostoc, Rivularia dan Chrorella.</b> Lapisan thallus untuk tempat fotosintesa <b>disebut lapisan gonidial sebagai organ reproduksi.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b> ---Medulla</b>, terdiri dari <i>lapisan hifa yang berjalinan membentuk suatu bagian tengah yang luas dan longgar</i>. Hifa jamur pada bagian ini tersebar ke segala arah dan <b>biasanya mempunyai dinding yang tebal.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b> ---Korteks bawah</b>, lapisan ini terdiri dari <b>struktur hifa yang sangat padat </b>dan membentang secara vertikal terhadap permukaan thallus atau sejajar dengan kulit bagian luar. Korteks bawah ini sering berupa <i>sebuah akar (rhizines)</i>. Ada beberapa jenis lichens tidak mempunyai korteks bawah. Dan bagian ini digantikan oleh lembaran tipis yang terdiri dari <b>hypothallus yang fungsinya sebagai proteksi. </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Habitat</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> Pada umumnya, lichen hidup sebagai epifit pada pohon-pohonan tapi dapat juga hidup di atas tanah bahkan dapat hidup di daerah yang ekstrim, sehingga lichen sering disebut dengan <b>organisme perintis</b></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Reproduksi Lichenes</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> Pada umumnya lichen berkembang biak secara <b>vegetatif, aseksual,dan seksual.</b></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>1. Vegetatif </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"># <b>Fragmentasi</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Yaitu dengan cara pembelahan diri seperti protozoa, bagian tubuh yg membelah dari induknya disebut fragmen. Fragmen inilah yg nantinya akan dibawa angin lalu tumbuh menjadi lichen baru. </span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">kira2 kalau jatuhnya dikepala kita bisa tumbuh jadi lichen Gag ya??? Hehe</span><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B6y4EdE80eY/Ue6OYjcAmJI/AAAAAAAAGgU/ngFjnsq8Nv0/s1600/araara.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B6y4EdE80eY/Ue6OYjcAmJI/AAAAAAAAGgU/ngFjnsq8Nv0/s1600/araara.gif" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Sebagian besar fragmentasi tersebut dilakukan saat musim kering atau saat talus pada Lichen mengalami kekeringan dan memulai pertumbuhannya ketika mulai terdapat embun</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">#<b> Soredia</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Soredia adalah kelompok kecil sel-sel ganggang yang sedang membelah dan diselubungi benang-benang miselium menjadi suatu badan yang dapat terlepas dari induknya.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Dengan robeknya dinding thallus, <b>soredium</b> tersebar seperti abu yang tertiup angin dan akan tumbuh lichens baru. Lichens yang baru memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan induknya. <b>Skemanya </b>kira-kira seperti gambar dibawah ini sob:</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QrR40oAy8mA/Ue6P0CNFCwI/AAAAAAAAGgk/8tMdLarXB5g/s1600/skema+soredia.gif"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="117" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QrR40oAy8mA/Ue6P0CNFCwI/AAAAAAAAGgk/8tMdLarXB5g/s1600/skema+soredia.gif" width="320" /></span></a><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ja9_aAI-vSk/Ue6MKHthmtI/AAAAAAAAGgI/tk7rb7V-quY/s1600/soredia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="149" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ja9_aAI-vSk/Ue6MKHthmtI/AAAAAAAAGgI/tk7rb7V-quY/s1600/soredia.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Secara mikroskopis kira-kira seperti ini kawan, liat deh ada sel-sel alga berwarna hijau sedang membelah lalu diselubingi oleh kumpulan hifa atau miselium dari fungi.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b># Isidia</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Isidia berbentuk silinder, bercabang seperti jari tangan dan terdapat pada dan tingginya antara 0,5 – 3 m ìkulit luar. Diamaternya 0,01 – 0,03 m. Berdasarkan kemampuannya bergabung dengan thallus, maka dalam media perkembangbiakan, isidia akan menambah luas permukaan luarnya. Sebanyak 25 – 30 % dari spesies foliose dan fructicose mempunyai isidia. <b>Proses pembentukan isidia belum diketahui, tetapi dianggap sebagai faktor genetika.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Kadang - kadang isidia lepas dari thallus induknya yang masing-masing mempunyai simbion. <b>Isidium akan tumbuh menjadi individu baru jika kondisinya sesuai.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">so, kalau salah tempat pendaratan gak akan tumbuh!</span></blockquote>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IVqOXTFM9Z8/Ue6ME1JdT0I/AAAAAAAAGfo/-KU5M5qFETo/s1600/isidia.jpg"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IVqOXTFM9Z8/Ue6ME1JdT0I/AAAAAAAAGfo/-KU5M5qFETo/s1600/isidia.jpg" width="315" /></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Perbedaan soredia dan isidia</b> bisa diketahui dari gambar dibawah ini, jelas Kan?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">kalau gak jelas koment yaw :p</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GaIGsnvp74s/Ue6MGe9a-BI/AAAAAAAAGfw/qINFYB6Gf2g/s1600/beda+isidia+dan+soredia.jpg"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GaIGsnvp74s/Ue6MGe9a-BI/AAAAAAAAGfw/qINFYB6Gf2g/s1600/beda+isidia+dan+soredia.jpg" width="258" /></span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>2. Secara Aseksual</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Metode reproduksi aseksual terjadi dengan pembentukan <b>spora.</b> Spora yang aseksual disebut <i>pycnidiospores. </i>Pycnidiospores itu ukurannya kecil, <b>tidak motil</b>, diproduksi dalam jumlah yang besar disebut<b> pygnidia</b>. Pygnidia ditemukan pada permukaan atas dari thallus yang mempunyai suatu celah kecil yang terbuka yang disebut <b>Ostiole</b>. Dinding dari pycnidia terdiri dari hifa yang subur dimana jamur <b>pygnidiospore</b> berada pada ujungnya. Tiap pycnidiospore menghasilkan satu hifa jamur. Jika bertemu dengan alga yang sesuai terjadi perkembangan menjadi lichens yang baru.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>3. Secara Seksual</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Perkembangan seksual pada lichens hanya terbatas pada pembiakan jamurnya saja. Jadi yang mengalami perkembangan secara seksual adalah kelompok jamur yang membangun tubuh Lichens.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Perkembangbiakan secara seksual umunya terjadi pada <b>Basidiolichen</b> (lichen yg dibangun oleh fungi jenis basidium). Perkembangbiakan ini melalui spora yang dihasilkan oleh hifa-hifa Fungi yang kemudian bertemu dengan partner alga yang cocok maka akan terjadi <i><b>sexual fusion</b></i> dan pembelahan meiosis.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Kalau fungi penyusun lichennya dari Deuteromycota gimana menurut sobat? </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_vqQdE6c6s0/Ue6f9wQV0tI/AAAAAAAAGg0/8N8k3K8xHlU/s1600/hmm.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_vqQdE6c6s0/Ue6f9wQV0tI/AAAAAAAAGg0/8N8k3K8xHlU/s1600/hmm.gif" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Peranan Lichen terhadap kehidupan</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"> #Sebagai bahan pembuatan lakmus : Roccella tinctoria</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">#Sebagai bahan obat/jamu : Usnea filipendula</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">#Sebagai indikasi pencemaran lingkungan</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Walaupun lichens hidup tumbuh dialam pada kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan, lichens sangat sensitif terhadap pencemaran udara dan cepat menghilang pada daerah yang mempunyai kadar polusi udara yang berat. Salah satu yang menyebabkan ini terjadi lichens dapat menyerap dan mengendapkan mineral dari air hujan dan udara dan tidak dapat mengeluarkannya sehingga konsentrasi senyawa yang mematikan seperti SO2 sangat mudah masuk. </span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i>Kabar gembira</i> untuk kita semua para penggemar game PLANTS VS ZOMBIES karna akhirnya game ini meriliskan genre terbarunya yaitu </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><i style="font-weight: bold;">PLANTS VS ZOMBIES 2. </i>wew gimana bentuknya ya. coba kita liat satu persatu prievewnya:</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PM1tipdaPPg/UewhXW05GDI/AAAAAAAAGc8/vlcJB8nFRoo/s1600/mzl.bhgsawxl.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PM1tipdaPPg/UewhXW05GDI/AAAAAAAAGc8/vlcJB8nFRoo/s1600/mzl.bhgsawxl.320x480-75.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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dari gambar ini sepertinya terlihat adanya penambahan <i>power</i> pada koleksi tumbuhan kita, yaitu dengan memberikan <b>pupuk atau makanan tumbuhan</b> saat kita berperang dengan zombie. </div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XeASeQaLwHc/UewhafTb2wI/AAAAAAAAGdE/_yFdf4C2ZfY/s1600/mzl.dxrwxnsu.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XeASeQaLwHc/UewhafTb2wI/AAAAAAAAGdE/_yFdf4C2ZfY/s1600/mzl.dxrwxnsu.320x480-75.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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selain itu game ini juga sudah <i>mendukung layar sentuh</i> loh kawan. Kabar gembira juga untuk pengguna <b>i-phone</b> dan <i>android</i> karna game ini lebih diperuntukan untuk kalian.<b>buat PC</b> juga gan</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bGXSDU-hMWo/UewheHQ79aI/AAAAAAAAGdM/UblEtPiL7k8/s1600/mzl.fwycznxi.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bGXSDU-hMWo/UewheHQ79aI/AAAAAAAAGdM/UblEtPiL7k8/s1600/mzl.fwycznxi.320x480-75.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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selain itu kita tidak hanya berperang <u>di halaman rumah</u> saja gan, tapi<b> ada banyak stage</b> yg salah satunya seperti di gambar ini gan, suasana <i>mesir</i>. ada juga yang <b>di bajak laut</b> dan lain sebagainya.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sdMYroUAFy0/UewhjPaNxMI/AAAAAAAAGdU/hEUWjn6kPEE/s1600/mzl.tgpmhyed.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sdMYroUAFy0/UewhjPaNxMI/AAAAAAAAGdU/hEUWjn6kPEE/s1600/mzl.tgpmhyed.320x480-75.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Sistem tarungnya juga sudah lebih asik dan modern, selain itu <b>jurus2nya juga keren2 </b>sobat. liat deh ada <i>tanaman yg bisa nyetrum</i>. ngeri...</div>
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selain itu <i>kelucuan</i> dari game ini juga gak ketinggalan kawan, liat deh gambar diatas, ada <b>zombie yg membawa zombie ayam. </b>wkwkwk</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aWOHAhYQBBA/UewhpmFZoOI/AAAAAAAAGdc/7pVP_TXwSGY/s1600/mzl.xgpwjinp.320x480-75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aWOHAhYQBBA/UewhpmFZoOI/AAAAAAAAGdc/7pVP_TXwSGY/s1600/mzl.xgpwjinp.320x480-75.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>crazy dave juga gak tinggal diam dirumah aja</b> sekarang, dia juga akan ikut berperang bersama kita loh...</div>
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<b>Penambahan karakter dari pihak zombie dan plants</b> juga banyak gan, ada juga yg <u>bertransformasi.</u> liat deh gambarnya.</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WVuN001rgIM/UewhEnnOI2I/AAAAAAAAGbk/5jbftWeuUeQ/s1600/PvZ2_PBloomerang.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WVuN001rgIM/UewhEnnOI2I/AAAAAAAAGbk/5jbftWeuUeQ/s1600/PvZ2_PBloomerang.png" /></a></div>
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yg ini kayanya plants penghalang<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> spider zombie yg bertransformasi</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q6o1Ku-DMe8/UewhEouidHI/AAAAAAAAGbs/lsrTOb4uGB0/s1600/PvZ2_PBonkchoy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-q6o1Ku-DMe8/UewhEouidHI/AAAAAAAAGbs/lsrTOb4uGB0/s1600/PvZ2_PBonkchoy.png" /></a></div>
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ini juga sepertinya <b><i>sawi yg bisa meninju. hehe</i></b></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Yxgmw2Wo4aY/UewhEvHQP1I/AAAAAAAAGbo/FOpSKbC_eL4/s1600/PvZ2_PChilibean.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Yxgmw2Wo4aY/UewhEvHQP1I/AAAAAAAAGbo/FOpSKbC_eL4/s1600/PvZ2_PChilibean.png" /></a></div>
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yg ini <b>plants kopi yg bertransformasi</b></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BUL2QNfwvTQ/UewhGEeHJJI/AAAAAAAAGb8/uIIte_Nw2mg/s1600/PvZ2_PCoconutCannon.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BUL2QNfwvTQ/UewhGEeHJJI/AAAAAAAAGb8/uIIte_Nw2mg/s1600/PvZ2_PCoconutCannon.png" /></a></div>
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plants gabungan jagung yg bertransformasi</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--71BBLDNmIk/UewhI21iOwI/AAAAAAAAGcM/Qr3G8QI8qjE/s1600/PvZ2_Plants_Lightning_Reed.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--71BBLDNmIk/UewhI21iOwI/AAAAAAAAGcM/Qr3G8QI8qjE/s1600/PvZ2_Plants_Lightning_Reed.png" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">plants listrik </span>kayanya gan. hehe</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ssHM8eqfYlY/UewhHlbMyaI/AAAAAAAAGcE/6N_uZ-YAoTo/s1600/PvZ2_PSnapdragon_01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ssHM8eqfYlY/UewhHlbMyaI/AAAAAAAAGcE/6N_uZ-YAoTo/s1600/PvZ2_PSnapdragon_01.png" /></a></div>
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plants dinosaurus, transformasi dari zombie pemakan zombie</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7pQ2uTWw4wI/UewhKrhfezI/AAAAAAAAGcU/4toLgPnsArQ/s1600/PvZ2_ZCowboy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7pQ2uTWw4wI/UewhKrhfezI/AAAAAAAAGcU/4toLgPnsArQ/s1600/PvZ2_ZCowboy.png" /></a></div>
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coboy zombie, hehe</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YjuxpE6h_PM/UewhNC7hcxI/AAAAAAAAGcc/cw_RHpf-a-o/s1600/PvZ2_ZMummyBucket.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YjuxpE6h_PM/UewhNC7hcxI/AAAAAAAAGcc/cw_RHpf-a-o/s1600/PvZ2_ZMummyBucket.png" /></a></div>
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zombie panci. wkwkw</div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rSgzC4x7BgA/UewhOR3AJSI/AAAAAAAAGck/DzJkMcrAwzY/s1600/PvZ2_ZPirate.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rSgzC4x7BgA/UewhOR3AJSI/AAAAAAAAGck/DzJkMcrAwzY/s1600/PvZ2_ZPirate.png" /></a></div>
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zombie preman</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N4Z-WNpXUU8/UewhQjU9VzI/AAAAAAAAGcs/wfISOD4hnT0/s1600/PvZ2_ZPirateCaptian.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N4Z-WNpXUU8/UewhQjU9VzI/AAAAAAAAGcs/wfISOD4hnT0/s1600/PvZ2_ZPirateCaptian.png" /></a></div>
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zombie bajak laut</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ulDDzWz4KPE/UewhTxer2hI/AAAAAAAAGc0/WQI1-cqb20c/s1600/Zombie_Bullrider.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ulDDzWz4KPE/UewhTxer2hI/AAAAAAAAGc0/WQI1-cqb20c/s1600/Zombie_Bullrider.png" /></a></div>
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zombie coboy</div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J4zAVGrbNNc/UewhrfZD_1I/AAAAAAAAGdk/EJ9Xsju_0F8/s1600/zombie_egypt_sarcophagus_OUT.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J4zAVGrbNNc/UewhrfZD_1I/AAAAAAAAGdk/EJ9Xsju_0F8/s1600/zombie_egypt_sarcophagus_OUT.png" /></a></div>
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dan zombie fir'aun</div>
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masih banyak sebenarnya update dari game ini, untuk men <i><b><a href="https://www.facebook.com/aghrywiranata" target="_blank">download plants vs zombie 2 2013</a></b> ini. dan lebih terpenting lagi, game ini </i><b>GRATIIIISS TIS TIS TIS.</b><i> seperti yg dilansir dari situs resminya akan rilis hari ini gan. admin juga lagi </i><i>nongkrongin linknya keluar disitus resminya. berhubung belum keluar juga, mungkin telat sedikit karna disana ada gangguan. hehe. So, tunggu aja disini ya sobat, pantengin terus di </i><i><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">download plants vs zombie 2 2013</a></b></i></div>
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<b><i>UPDATE 24 Juli 2013:</i></b></div>
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<i style="font-size: x-large; text-align: start;">Sepertinya para kawan penggemar Plants vs Zombie sudah tak sabar ingin segera mencicipi game terbaru </i><i style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 2013</a>. Nah sekedar menghibur, karna pihak Pop Cap </b>baru saja <b>mengkonfirmasi keterlambatan mereka dan tenang saja karna mereka sesegera mungkin akan merilis </b></i><i style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">plants vs zombie 2 2013</a>. paling lambat sebelum musim panas di eropa. </b>Sambil </i><span style="font-size: large;">menunggu link downloadnya keluar, saya ingin berbagi tentang macam-macam dari game Plants vs zombie keluaran resmi dari <a href="http://www.popcap.com/plants-vs-zombies-2" target="_blank">Popcap</a> selaku perusahaan produksi game plants vs zombie ini. Cekidot gan disini <a href="http://aghrywiranata.blogspot.com/2013/07/kumpulan-game-plants-vs-zombie.html" target="_blank">Kumpulan Game Plants VS Zombie</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">UPDATE 23 SEPTEMBER 2013:</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">AKHIRNYA KITA BISA MEMAINKAN GAME PLANTS VS ZOMBIE 2 DI PC</span></span></i> </span></span></h3>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mau tahu caranya?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">ya sebelumnya saya minta maaf kalau ternyata cara ini sudah bisa dilakukan sejak lama, dan pastinya sudah banyak yang tahu. Mohon maklumnya ya karena saya juga harus giat cari penghasilan untuk biaya kuliah saya (jadi curcol)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">yupz sebelum kita lanjut ke tutorial memainkannya, ada yg perlu saya informasikan. Perlu teman-teman ketahui bahwa game ini sebenarnya belum dirilis untuk PC. Dari komentar teman2 saya bisa paham kalau semuanya pasti sudah tidak sabar ingin memainkan game ini, kecuali jika agan memiliki android atau i-phone karna untuk keduanya game ini sudah bisa digunakan. saya sendiri sebagai pemilik hape java hanya berharap game ini bisa dimainkan di laptop mungil saya. seperti agan semua saya juga tidak sabar ingin memainkannya sehingga mendorong saya untuk terus berexperimen bagaimana caranya bisa memainkannya di PC. Saat game ini pertama kali dirilis untuk versi i-phone, saya mencoba memainkannya dengan emulator iphone, tapi sepertinya emulator iphone belum ada yg stabil sehingga game ini tidak bisa dimainkan. Kebetulan minggu lalu saya bertemu teman saya yg menggunakan android dan mencoba mempelajarinya, setelah itu saya mencoba menggunakan emulator android yaitu YOUWAVE tapi ternyata hasilnya nihil. Saya mencoba emulator yg lain, ketika saya menggunakan BLUESTACKS ternyata bisa gan ^_^</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tapi hanya sebatas sampai start game ini saja lalu laptop saya ngelag luar biasa -_-</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Saya tidak mau putus asa, sedikit pencerahan sudah muncul tapi saya tidak tahu penyebab lag laptop saya, akhirnya saya memutuskan menambah ram dari 2gb jd 4gb, alhasil sekarang saya sudah bisa memainkannya dengan lancar jaya ^_^</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tapi instalernya masih berbahasa cina gan, namun karna janji saya ketika saya sukses berexperiment saya akan segera mengupdate post ini, ini bukti screenshoot setengah jam yg lalu saya baru berhasil memainkan game ini di laptop saya.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oLLMXAc6fsk/Uj-fZ4vWKkI/AAAAAAAAGxQ/01_8_EcHTPw/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oLLMXAc6fsk/Uj-fZ4vWKkI/AAAAAAAAGxQ/01_8_EcHTPw/s1600/2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QdX_RWvCUZg/Uj-fmd5I-lI/AAAAAAAAGxg/30ZeZgcIm38/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-QdX_RWvCUZg/Uj-fmd5I-lI/AAAAAAAAGxg/30ZeZgcIm38/s1600/4.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-97MSKfM2LNw/Uj-f2fpD0wI/AAAAAAAAGxw/ndH_buoVpF4/s1600/6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-97MSKfM2LNw/Uj-f2fpD0wI/AAAAAAAAGxw/ndH_buoVpF4/s1600/6.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SHuwv7yv1s0/Uj-f8jYrnLI/AAAAAAAAGx4/Gl1Qmvd4TrE/s1600/7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SHuwv7yv1s0/Uj-f8jYrnLI/AAAAAAAAGx4/Gl1Qmvd4TrE/s1600/7.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">1. Pertama, agan download dulu Bluestacks terbaru lalu instal di PC agan</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">2. Download Game Plants vs Zombie 2 versi china lalu instal (formatnya apk)<br /> (jika agan belum instal bluestaks maka game ini hanya berwarna putih dan tidak bisa dibuka, jika sudah instal bluestacks maka game ini akan berbentuk seperti logo bluestacks(buku-buku).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> 3. Jika sudah selesai instal, buka bluestaks dari desktop agan, nanti akan ada plants vs zombie 2 di my apss bluestacks agan. klik 2x dan ENJOY ^_^</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> untuk lebih jelasnya liat aja nih video yg barusan ane bikin :)</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HFg1wzc9f1c/Uj-tw9a9f8I/AAAAAAAAGyI/1SsGPKpIXpw/s1600/11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="189" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HFg1wzc9f1c/Uj-tw9a9f8I/AAAAAAAAGyI/1SsGPKpIXpw/s1600/11.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Uajzk_LODMs/Uj-tyOo_A9I/AAAAAAAAGyY/Jf0tELNs-zM/s1600/13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Uajzk_LODMs/Uj-tyOo_A9I/AAAAAAAAGyY/Jf0tELNs-zM/s1600/13.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZrcydxYp_fY/Uj-t37uO5GI/AAAAAAAAGyg/i52Ba2XWbK8/s1600/15.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZrcydxYp_fY/Uj-t37uO5GI/AAAAAAAAGyg/i52Ba2XWbK8/s1600/15.png" width="320" /></a><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cNFlzGX1tGQ/Uj-t7sdokdI/AAAAAAAAGyo/c2IAbGOxNok/s1600/14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="PLANTS VS ZOMBIES 2 PC VERSION" border="0" height="179" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cNFlzGX1tGQ/Uj-t7sdokdI/AAAAAAAAGyo/c2IAbGOxNok/s1600/14.png" title="PLANTS VS ZOMBIES 2 PC VERSION" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">ane saranin untuk jangan menyerah bereksperiment, jangan pesimis dulu game ini tidak bisa dimainkan di PC agan. COba dulu dan liat hasilnya, walaupun saya bukan ahli ITI tapi hanya seorang mahasiswa biologi yg mau berbagi, sampaikan saja keluhan agan disini. kita sharing bersama2 oke. kalu bisa sekalian klik iklan2 untuk bantu kuliah saya. hehe</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">dibawah ini saya sediakan link downloadnya, saya akan upload nanti pake wifi kampus karna kalo disini terlalu lemot jadi eror terus. tunggu sampai linknya berwarna biru berarti sudah bisa didownload ^_^</span></span></div>
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<a href="http://cdn.bluestacks.com/public/beta-1/BlueStacks_HD_AppPlayerPro_setup_REL.msi" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">DOWNLOAD BLUESTACKS DISINI</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://dl3.androidgame365.com/downf-plantsvszombies2-1378955277230-apk.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;">DOWNLOAD INSTALLER PLANTS VS ZOMBIE 2 DISINI </span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">UPDATE 12 OKTOBER 2013</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sebelumnya saya minta maav <span style="font-size: small;">sama teman - t<span style="font-size: small;">eman semua karena kesibukan kuliah saya jadi kurang memperhatikan blo<span style="font-size: small;">g. <span style="font-size: small;">Ternyata ada masala<span style="font-size: small;">h dalam menjalankan game ini yaitu <span style="font-size: small;">bagaimana cara pinch atau cubit si zombie di level 1-5. <span style="font-size: small;">Menurut <span style="font-size: small;">para master bluestack yang sudah saya tanyakan di grup2 bluestack di facebook<span style="font-size: small;">, ada banyak cara menangani ini. Dan ini adalah cara termudah yang sudah saya coba dan sukses. caranya tekan CTRL dan <span style="font-size: small;">- (minus) pada keybord lalu klik di posisi <span style="font-size: small;">yang s<span style="font-size: small;">aya tunjukan di gambar. <span style="font-size: small;">Kegagal<span style="font-size: small;">an bisa terjadi kalo posisinya salah. Selesai <span style="font-size: small;">^_^</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
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UPDATE 11 NOVEMBER 2013</div>
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KABAR GEMBIRA</div>
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sebelum baca update dari post ini, katakan selamat tinggal buat masalah cubit2 zombie :)</div>
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yupz, akhirnya saya menemukan cara paling ampuh buat ngelewatin level 1-5 yg membuat kalian semua frustasi. hehe</div>
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setelah melihat ternyata banyak sekali yg kesulitan pada level ini, maka saya putuskan untuk cheat saja level ini dan langsung skip level yg membuat kita frustasi ini. Tidak hanya sekedar skip level saja, akan tetapi sudah dibekali dengan:</div>
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1. coin unlimited sehingga anda bisa sesuka hati membeli bonus dan power untuk plants kalian. </div>
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2. key unlimited sehingga agan bisa membuka gerbang-gerbang untuk mendapatkan plants tambahan.</div>
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3. star unlimited sehingga agan bisa membuka world selanjutnya ^_^</div>
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4. beberapa plants yang harus dibeli dengan uang sudah diupgrade disini </div>
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5. dan yang terpenting adalah, game kali ini sudah berbahasa Inggris ^_^</div>
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cheat ini saya dapatkan dari sebuah situs berbahasa inggris, setelah baca dengan teliti sambil pegang kamus akhirnya ngerti juga. hehe</div>
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cara ini juga bisa anda praktekan di android kalian (kalau punya :p) </div>
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saya juga minta maav kalau agak lama updatenya karna saya sibuk cari uang untuk bayaran kuliah (curhat) :'(</div>
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caranya agak sulit, tapi saya usahakan untuk mempermudahnya untuk kalian. yg paling penting adalah "jangan mudah menyerah dan jangan takut mencoba" oke</div>
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mohon maav juga saya hanya bisa membuat screenshoot gambar karena ternyata video tutorial yg saya buat mencapai 13gb. sayangnya saya gak punya kuota untuk mengupload video sebesar itu. hehe</div>
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berikut langkah-langkahnya :</div>
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1. Karena ini adalah game android dan saya akan menggunakan root explore maka android harus sudah dalam keadaan rooted. Lalu bagaimana cara root bluestacks yg hanya emulator android?</div>
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tenang, agan erbil dari kaskus sudah membagikan bluestack editan dia versi rooted. silahkan agan download bluestacknya. jika kalian sudah menginstal bluestack, biarkan saja. instal yg ini aja agar kalian mudah mengikuti langkah-langkah ini.</div>
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<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/f6i9ind25j4m654/BlueStacks_HD_0.7.8.829_Mod+BY+erbil.7z" target="_blank">link</a></div>
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pasword: erbil@kaskus</div>
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2. download juga pvz2 english versi mooded dibawah ini. ada 3 part. download semua. kumpulkan ketiga part dalam satu folder. buka yang part 1 lalu extrack. nanti akan bergabung jadi satu folder yang terdiri dari apk dan data obb</div>
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<a href="http://files.indowebster.com/pvz2_aghrywiranata_blogspot_com_part1.html" target="_blank">part 1</a></div>
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<a href="http://files.indowebster.com/pvz2_aghrywiranata_blogspot_com_part2.html" target="_blank">part 2</a></div>
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<a href="http://files.indowebster.com/pvz2_aghrywiranata_blogspot_com_part3.html" target="_blank">part 3</a></div>
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pasword: aghrywiranata.blogspot.com</div>
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3. sekarang semua bahan-bahan sudah tersedia, letakkan semua bahan-bahan dalam folder my picture atau my dokument. namun dalam contoh ini saya menaruh bahan-bahannya di dalam folder my picture. jika sudah, instal bluestacknya. yang diinstal setupnya aja ya. liat screenshot dibawah</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MA-QB0FVFnA/UoBTpPOPHQI/AAAAAAAAG4w/r5tMy98wUzs/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MA-QB0FVFnA/UoBTpPOPHQI/AAAAAAAAG4w/r5tMy98wUzs/s1600/1.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Add caption</td></tr>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qSzWW6aOlLY/UoBV8-3R4lI/AAAAAAAAG44/NfGj5hXpe5U/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qSzWW6aOlLY/UoBV8-3R4lI/AAAAAAAAG44/NfGj5hXpe5U/s1600/2.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
3. setelah itu, matikan koneksi internet jika tersambung. dalam penginstalan dan memainkan pvz2 ini harus dalam keadaan offline karena waktu saya coba dan saya sedang online ternyata malah gagal. instal APKnya saja<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iJ3Yf_BSxTg/UoBWcXiuIhI/AAAAAAAAG5A/ynnrttgYo-I/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iJ3Yf_BSxTg/UoBWcXiuIhI/AAAAAAAAG5A/ynnrttgYo-I/s1600/3.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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4. nah sekarang buka bluestacknya, kalau sudah menyala. buka menu. JANGAN BUKA GAME PVZ2 dulu. buka aplikasi root explore. aplikasi ini seperti file explore di PC kalian, tapi kalau disini adalah folder2 di dalam android kalian (versi emulator). kalian akan terbiasa melihatnya jika sudah pernah memiliki android. tugas kalian adalah memindahkan data obb (folder disamping apk pvz2 tadi) ke folder sdcard>android>obb. jika kalian tidak menemukan folder obb, buat saja sendiri. caranya klik menu dan klik new folder. namakan foldernya "obb"</div>
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data obb yang kalian letakkan ada di mnt/sdcard/bstfolder/pictures/pvz2(aghrywiranata.blogspot.com). klik menu lalu klik multiple, ceklis foldernya dan klik copy.. </div>
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perhatikan tanda panah yg saya buat digambar. </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-icW5oqvqWXk/UoBahs_-I7I/AAAAAAAAG5g/aeziz01a7ho/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-icW5oqvqWXk/UoBahs_-I7I/AAAAAAAAG5g/aeziz01a7ho/s1600/5.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mXTWIN8Yc-A/UoBZVt9ReCI/AAAAAAAAG5U/CY3bn6JZAuQ/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mXTWIN8Yc-A/UoBZVt9ReCI/AAAAAAAAG5U/CY3bn6JZAuQ/s1600/4.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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paste folder tadi kesini mnt/sdcard/android/obb. jika dalam folder android tidak ada folder obb.bikin sendiri aja. klik menu, new folder. ngerti kan?</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3uthxJL55xs/UoBbdcUz8kI/AAAAAAAAG5o/IL-jYgYZpTc/s1600/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3uthxJL55xs/UoBbdcUz8kI/AAAAAAAAG5o/IL-jYgYZpTc/s1600/7.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
5. selesai ^_^<br />
mainkan game pvz2 kalian, nanti username nya ganti aja pake nama kalian.nih screenshootnya<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bvWQgBsGR8A/UoBcYAmcUbI/AAAAAAAAG6Y/kRx4eYPJ2-g/s1600/8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bvWQgBsGR8A/UoBcYAmcUbI/AAAAAAAAG6Y/kRx4eYPJ2-g/s1600/8.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uxTSmeSrY1c/UoBcZ2-8GuI/AAAAAAAAG6g/Hh00R_ao_vw/s1600/9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uxTSmeSrY1c/UoBcZ2-8GuI/AAAAAAAAG6g/Hh00R_ao_vw/s1600/9.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bkzUHXOxf2c/UoBcNemO1sI/AAAAAAAAG5w/cC6DsCrPvg0/s1600/10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bkzUHXOxf2c/UoBcNemO1sI/AAAAAAAAG5w/cC6DsCrPvg0/s1600/10.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FoCvtjiGRN4/UoBcQVn4TZI/AAAAAAAAG54/hEB2hNMaNS4/s1600/11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FoCvtjiGRN4/UoBcQVn4TZI/AAAAAAAAG54/hEB2hNMaNS4/s1600/11.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gKR-S5tHvhg/UoBcSGPBPXI/AAAAAAAAG6A/jjBh0inGb_Q/s1600/12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gKR-S5tHvhg/UoBcSGPBPXI/AAAAAAAAG6A/jjBh0inGb_Q/s1600/12.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u-V1bV8bdw8/UoBcUgt7huI/AAAAAAAAG6I/FMygD2_OtfU/s1600/13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u-V1bV8bdw8/UoBcUgt7huI/AAAAAAAAG6I/FMygD2_OtfU/s1600/13.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VOx2G1YH4uo/UoBcWV9QveI/AAAAAAAAG6Q/-xBcU2-pxi0/s1600/14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VOx2G1YH4uo/UoBcWV9QveI/AAAAAAAAG6Q/-xBcU2-pxi0/s1600/14.jpg" title="PVZ2 english aghrywiranata.blogspot.com" width="320" /></a></div>
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GOOD LUCK</div>
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JANGAN LUPA DISHARE OKE </div>
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klik juga ya sumber uang saya yg ada disini. hehe</div>
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(iklan2nya)</div>
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buat yang gagal download sudah saya cek lagi link dan datanya, masih bagus kok. tapi kalo gagal atau takut gagal juga, coba link alternatif di bawah ini:</div>
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APK</div>
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<a href="http://uploaded.net/file/1lerpq26/" target="_blank">link 1</a></div>
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<a href="http://rapidgator.net/file/b01acb84d966cd9f6e22a9b61142a90f/" target="_blank">link 2</a></div>
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OBB</div>
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<a href="http://rapidgator.net/file/ed8ed810ad008bd14c5a7a7b0784a121/" target="_blank">link 1</a></div>
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bagi yang berhasil, kasih testimoninya ya :)</div>
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UPDATE 28 FEBRUARI 2014</div>
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<b>INI hanya untuk yg kesulitan menginstal bluestack atau gak support, coba langkah manual ini ya..</b></div>
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1. instal bluestack dari link officialnya atau klik <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCcQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bluestacks.com%2F&ei=NfAPU-ClOc3irAfYwYGQAQ&usg=AFQjCNGzERPRfPol143BYS4zPBXAVfKAhA&sig2=2qSWGcWDfkKq7aaUg3Pabg&bvm=bv.61965928,d.bmk" target="_blank">disini</a> untuk menuju linkya</div>
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2. Bisa juga download langsung dengan klik<a href="http://cdn.bluestacks.com/public/beta-1/BlueStacks-SplitInstaller_native_b.exe" target="_blank"> ini</a> (moga bisa ya)</div>
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3. instal seperti biasa, namun harus dalam keadaan online dikarenakan bluestack masih harus mendownload filenya (lumayan lama)</div>
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4. download root exploler, bisa didownload lewat playstore atau bisa lewat <a href="http://adf.ly/dQVVB" target="_blank">sini</a></div>
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5. Kalau sudah selesai download game zombienya, tinggal diinstal dan pindahkan data obb ke folder obb seperti yg sudah saya terangkan di updatean sebelumnya.</div>
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SELAMAT BERMAIN</div>
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bonus untuk pembaca setia post ini, saya kasih bluestack kalian bisa menggunakan BBM. Pasti pengen kan? hehe</div>
Download dulu bbm lewat bluestack kalian. Caranya gampang, di kotak pencarian tulis aja BBM nanti bakal keluar BBM, instal dan daftar BBM kaya biasanya. (buat iseng2 aja)<br />
Kenapa harus download sendiri, karna nanti akan disesuaikan sesuai spek bluestack agan<br />
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Kapan2 saya akan posting game lain untuk android agar bisa dimainkan di PC dan bisa menggunakan stik pula. Doakan urusan saya lancar ya<br />
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UPDATE 29 JUNI 2014</div>
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Assalamualaikum, maaf teman-teman semua baru sempat update lagi, tapi jangan khawatir kali ini insya Allah game zombie ini tidak akan membuat kalian dalam masalah lagi. Karena PVZ 2 ini sudah mendapatkan update dari popcap sang pembuat game ini. Dalam update barunya, game ini mendapatkan banyak pembaruan yg lebih memudahkan kalian. Salah satunya ialah menghilangkan "cubit-cubitan" dan menggantinya dengan senjata bola salju. Jadi lupakan saja semua tutorial saya di atas. hehe</div>
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Selain itu, sudah ada tambahan 2 world baru, gargantuar, zomboss dan plants plants bertenaga baru yg memukau. Saya sendiri sudah mencobanya. Tapi sepertinya tidak perlu saya beritahukan semua supaya kalian penasaran dan merasakannya sendiri dalam permainan. Langsung saja download linknya di bawah ini. Instal APKNYA, lalu pindahkan data tambahannya ke folder sdcard/android/obb (copy here).</div>
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LINK<br />
<a href="http://www.tusfiles.net/xq5yvko3ju49" target="_blank">APK</a> </div>
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<a href="http://www.tusfiles.net/mvl8q8mgy2v1" target="_blank">DATA TAMBAHAN</a></div>
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CARA DOWNLOAD</div>
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KLIK YG SAYA PANAH DAN JANGAN CENTANG YG SAYA PANAH</div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c2UzUY3q-eo/U6_NHMr1I7I/AAAAAAAAHAM/k4YzqJgCTwA/s1600/PVZ2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="174" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-c2UzUY3q-eo/U6_NHMr1I7I/AAAAAAAAHAM/k4YzqJgCTwA/s1600/PVZ2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
INI SEDIKIT SCREENSHOTNYA:<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3DT3gblExQI/U6_NVJ34TrI/AAAAAAAAHAY/upkJSphFSZ0/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3DT3gblExQI/U6_NVJ34TrI/AAAAAAAAHAY/upkJSphFSZ0/s1600/1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L_-heFoT3no/U6_OQ938jzI/AAAAAAAAHAw/C5T-z79YrMQ/s1600/Plants-vs.-Zombies-2-3.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L_-heFoT3no/U6_OQ938jzI/AAAAAAAAHAw/C5T-z79YrMQ/s1600/Plants-vs.-Zombies-2-3.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com208tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4547243996529691606.post-24718722310886817532013-07-20T14:50:00.001+07:002013-07-27T01:38:09.763+07:00Pengertian dan Struktur Ribosom, DNA dan RNA pada Eukariot dan Prokariot<span style="font-size: large;">A. RIBOSOM</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">1. Pengertian ribosom </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Ribosom ini adalah organel yg sangat penting dalam sintesis protein, bentuknya kecil yg jika diperbesar bentuknya seperti paha ayam goreng(nyamiiin :p). Ribosom terdapat pada sel eukariot dan prokariot dan berjumlah sampai 1000 buah.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;">2. Struktur </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Ribosom terdiri dari 2 sub unit yaitu sub unit besar dan kecil. Masing-masing disusun oleh rRNA dan protein ribosom. Stuktur ribosom merefleksikan fungsinya untuk mengumpulkan mRNA dengan tRNA pembawa asam amino. Suatu ribosom memiliki satu tempat pengikatan mRNA (subunit kecil) dan tiga tempat pengikatan tRNA dikenal dengan tempat E (exit), P (peptidil), dan A (aminosil) yang terdapat pada sub unit besar.</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: large;"> Tempat E merupakan tempat keluar tRNA yang tidak bermuatan. Tempat P merupakan tempat pengikatan tRNA-peptidil biasanya pengikat tRNA yang melekat pada rantai polipeptida yang sedang tumbuh. Tempat A merupakan tempat pengikatan tRNA- aminoasil biasanya mengikat tRNA yang membawa asam amino berikutnya yang akan ditambah pada rantai polipeptida. Perbedaan pada eukariot dan prokariot terdapat pada ukuran dan jumlah RNA penyusunnya. Coba lihat gambar berikut:</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qJ5YontBbu8/Ueo3nt-2ndI/AAAAAAAAGYA/i8_HTU3hmAo/s1600/Perbedaan+ribosom.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qJ5YontBbu8/Ueo3nt-2ndI/AAAAAAAAGYA/i8_HTU3hmAo/s1600/Perbedaan+ribosom.png" height="245" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tfuwQvowcN4/Ueo6OoBpEfI/AAAAAAAAGYQ/5C4WR_uVsco/s1600/are.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tfuwQvowcN4/Ueo6OoBpEfI/AAAAAAAAGYQ/5C4WR_uVsco/s1600/are.gif" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Bagaimana kawan, pasti pusing ya? haha maklum ini emang gambar dari buku lama. Nah agar lebih mudah coba liat tabel yg saya buat aja </span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KzZpb-dJ5zM/Ueo6ZFD1pWI/AAAAAAAAGYY/SIwZCNu4Uf8/s1600/Perbedaan+ribosom+2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KzZpb-dJ5zM/Ueo6ZFD1pWI/AAAAAAAAGYY/SIwZCNu4Uf8/s1600/Perbedaan+ribosom+2.png" height="238" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Bagaimana sudah paham kan tentang ribosom, sekarang kita lanjut ke DNA dan RNA oke ...</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">B. DNA</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: large;">DNA merupakan salah satu makro molekul yang mempunyai peranan sangat penting pada jasad hidup. DNA adalah polimer asam nukleat yang tersusun secara sistematis dan merupakan pembawa informasi genetik</span></i></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;"> STRUKTUR</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Untuk strukturnya coba sudah dipanah2kan pada gambar berikut:</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aJdpTSkUufM/Ueo8E51bmYI/AAAAAAAAGYs/LS20_LEbmxA/s1600/DNA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aJdpTSkUufM/Ueo8E51bmYI/AAAAAAAAGYs/LS20_LEbmxA/s1600/DNA.jpg" height="320" width="314" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Nah yg perlu diperhatikan disini adalah pasangan basa nitrogennya, DNA memiliki 4 macam basa nitrogen yaitu adenin, thymin, guanin dan sitosin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">adenin selalu berpasangan dengan thymin dan guanin selalu berpasangan dengan sitosin. Ingat jangan sampai terbalik ya ^_^</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">jadi kalau ada soal seperti ini pasangan dari cetakan, tinggal pasangkan pasangannya pada basa masing2. Seperti AGTSTASTGAAGATGAGA</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">maka pasangannya adalah</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">AGTSTASTGAAGATGAGA</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">TSAGATGASTTSTASTST</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">karna A diatas pasangan dibawahnya pasti T begitu juga sebaliknya</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">dan G diatas pasangan dibawahnya pasti S begitu juga sebaliknya</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Untuk <b>perbedaannya pada eukariot dan prokariot </b>liat aja tabel di bawah ini:</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-I1M3qK0vz1U/Ueo_RQ8g6JI/AAAAAAAAGY8/Q9MwkYSteX4/s1600/DNA+pro+dan+eu.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-I1M3qK0vz1U/Ueo_RQ8g6JI/AAAAAAAAGY8/Q9MwkYSteX4/s1600/DNA+pro+dan+eu.png" height="143" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Kalau disini yg perlu diperhatikan adalah sebab kenapa bisa begitu. Seperti yg kita tahu bahwa Eukariot strukturnya lebih komplex dari prokariot. Kemudian penyebab yg lebih jelas lagi adalah ada dan tidaknya membran inti. DNA seharusnya terletak di dalam Nukleus, namun dikarenakan prokariot tidak memiliki Nukleus atau membrab inti maka DNAnya berada pada sitoplasma.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Sedangkan RNA adalah:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">RNA merupakan singkatan dari Ribonukleatid Acid atau Asam ribonukleat. RNA merupakan substansi genetik yang berperan sebagai perantara dalam proses pengkodean protein dari gen yang terdapat di dalam DNA</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Bedanya dengan DNA hanya pada bentuknya. Jika DNA tersusun double heliks, maka RNA hanya terdapat 1 heliks. Tempatnya juga tidak hanya di nukleus tapi ada juga di ribosom dan sitoplasma sesuai macamnya. Macam2 RNA sebagai berikut:</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"> mRNA: kode genetik yang akan diterjemahkan<br /> tRNA: RNA pembawa asam amino ke ribosom<br /> rRNA: RNA penyusun ribosom sebagai penerjemah</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-size: large;">Satu lagi, pada RNA basa Thymin dari DNA digantikan oleh basa Urasil. jadi kalau pada DNA basa Adenin berpasangan dengan Thymin maka pada RNA Adenin berpasangan dengan Urasil. Lebih jelasnya liat gambar ini aja gan</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gqv2ccZgW0M/UepEAG71m9I/AAAAAAAAGZM/h_2kMljMB10/s1600/RNA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Gqv2ccZgW0M/UepEAG71m9I/AAAAAAAAGZM/h_2kMljMB10/s1600/RNA.png" height="320" width="319" /></span></a></div>
<br />Aghryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03968064132761790245noreply@blogger.com8